我国集约化种植业面源氮发生量估算

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.09.003

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 782-787.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.09.003

• 农业面源污染监测与估算方法研究专题 • 上一篇下一篇

我国集约化种植业面源氮发生量估算

夏永秋, 杨旺鑫, 施卫明, 颜晓元

中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2017-09-29 出版日期:2018-09-25 发布日期:2018-10-25
通讯作者: 颜晓元,E-mail:yanxy@issas.ac.cn E-mail:yanxy@issas.ac.cn
作者简介:夏永秋(1979-),男,湖南武冈人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为面源污染模拟与高效控制。E-mail:yqxia@issas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51779245）；环保公益性行业科研专项（201309035-05）

Estimation of Non-Point Source N Emission in Intensive Cropland of China

XIA Yong-qiu, YANG Wang-xin, SHI Wei-ming, YAN Xiao-yuan

Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2017-09-29 Online:2018-09-25 Published:2018-10-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面源污染已经成为一个世界性问题，当前大尺度面源氮负荷核算方法主要通过区域收支法或考虑氮肥用量的输出系数法，存在很大的不确定性。基于全国187组文献数据，应用逐步回归分析方法，提取影响种植业面源氮发生量（氮素径流和淋洗）的关键因子，构建了关于氮肥用量、降雨量和土壤黏粒含量的多元回归模型。应用2011年统计年鉴数据，模拟得到全国种植业氮素径流总损失量为0.96 Tg，占氮肥投入量的6.0%，其中，旱地和水田径流损失量分别为0.76和0.20 Tg。而全国种植业氮素淋洗总损失量为1.01 Tg，占氮肥投入量的6.3%，其中，旱地和水田淋洗损失量分别为0.87和0.14 Tg。面源氮发生量较高的区域位于长江中下游地区、西南丘陵地区、山东半岛和华北平原。所建模型不仅能估算我国集约化种植业面源氮发生量分布情况，而且与传统的考虑单一氮肥用量的排放系数模型相比，能大大降低大区域尺度估算的不确定性。

关键词: 种植业, 径流, 淋洗, 逐步回归, 分布

Abstract:

Non-point source pollution (NPS) has become a serious problem worldwide. Currently the methods to evaluate N loads of NPS in the large scale are limited to nitrogen budgets and export coefficient of N fertilizer application, which are highly uncertain. On the basis of 187 data across China's croplands, a stepwise regression model including key factors of N application, rainfall, and soil clay content was proposed to simulate N runoff and leaching of cropland of China. Using the statistic yearbook of 2011, the simulations show that the total N runoff from cropland was 0.96 Tg, accounting for 6.0% of the total N fertilizer input, in which dryland and paddy field released 0.76 and 0.20 Tg, respectively. While the total leached N from cropland was 1.01 Tg, accounting for 6.3% of the total N fertilizer input, in which dryland and paddy field released 0.87 and 0.14 Tg, respectively. The results have highlighted the importance of non-point source N from the middle and low reaches of Yangzi River, hilly areas of Southwest China, Shandong Province, and North China Plain. The model has not only provided the approach of estimating the distribution of non-point source N from cropland, but also greatly reduced the uncertainty of non-point source N estimation at large scale, compared to the traditional export coefficient model.

Key words: cropland, runoff, leaching, stepwise regression, distribution

中图分类号:

X83
X501

夏永秋, 杨旺鑫, 施卫明, 颜晓元. 我国集约化种植业面源氮发生量估算[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(9): 782-787.

XIA Yong-qiu, YANG Wang-xin, SHI Wei-ming, YAN Xiao-yuan. Estimation of Non-Point Source N Emission in Intensive Cropland of China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(9): 782-787.

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我国集约化种植业面源氮发生量估算

Estimation of Non-Point Source N Emission in Intensive Cropland of China

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