太湖西部沉积物磷形态剖面分布和成因分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0259

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用淡水沉积物磷形态的标准测试程序SMT法，分析了太湖西部湖区沉积物中磷的空间分异和成因。结果表明，该湖区沉积物各形态磷含量整体上呈现自表层向下递减的趋势，显示出磷污染在表层聚集的特征；不同采样点沉积物中总磷（TP）含量和各形态磷分布特征存在空间差异，西南湖区由于近期磷污染减少，表层磷含量呈缓慢降低趋势；受盛行风向、湖区位置和周边环境影响，太湖西北部沉积物中磷污染水平整体上高于西南部。西部湖区TP含量为337.27~1 081.87 mg·kg^-1，无机磷（IP）是构成沉积物TP的主要部分，占TP含量的55.27%~97.93%；钙结合态磷（Ca-P）是IP的主要组成部分，占IP的44.14%~89.30%。TP和IP、IP和Ca-P含量的相关关系最为显著，表明IP含量影响TP含量；TP和Fe/Al-P含量的相关关系显著，表明人类活动产生的外源污染是沉积物中磷污染的主要来源。

关键词: 太湖西部, 沉积物, 磷形态, 垂向分布, 污染特征

Abstract:

The spatial variation and cause of phosphorus fractions in sediment of Western Taihu Lake were examined by the Standards, Measurements, and Testing Program(SMT) method.The results show that all the phosphorus fractions declined with depth, which reveals the enrichment effect of phosphorus pollution in surface sediment. Space diversity of total phosphorus(TP) and phosphorus fractions in sediment of sampling sites observed in Western Taihu Lake. With the reducing of phosphorus pollution, the phosphorus content in water has been decreasing slowly in surface of southwestern area of the lake. The phosphorus pollution levels of the northwest area of the lake were higher than those in southwest areas in the sediments, which is related to the impact of prevailing wind direction, geographical location and surrounding ecosystem condition. The TP content in the lake ranged from 337.27 to 1 081.87 mg·kg^-1 and inorganic phosphorus(IP) was the main component of TP in sediments, accounting for 55.27% to 97.93% of TP. IP was dominated by the hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus(Ca-P) in sediments, accounting for 44.14% to 89.30% of IP. Significantly correlations are existing between TP and IP, and IP and Ca-P, which show that TP content is mainly affected by IP content, and IP content is affected by Ca-P content. The correlation between TP and Fe/Al-P was also significant, which reveals that the external pollution caused by human activities is the major source of phosphorus pollution in sediment.

Key words: Western Taihu Lake, sediment, phosphorus fraction, vertical distribution, pollution characteristic

中图分类号:

X832

王一楷, 李振国, 陈志彪. 太湖西部沉积物磷形态剖面分布和成因分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 426-432.

WANG Yi-kai, LI Zhen-guo, CHEN Zhi-biao. Vertical Distribution and Cause Analysis of Phosphorus Fractions in Sediment of Western Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 426-432.

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