山东省降雨侵蚀力与气候指数关系研究

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于山东省18个气象台站1961-2010年的逐日降水资料，采用月降雨侵蚀力模型计算降雨侵蚀力，利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法对近50 a来山东省降雨侵蚀力的时间变化趋势进行分析。运用皮尔逊相关系数、连续小波（CWT）、交叉小波变换（XWT）和小波相干谱（WTC）分析降雨侵蚀力与太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）、厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）指数的相互关系和周期变化特征。结果表明，山东省年降雨侵蚀力呈下降趋势，特别是20世纪80年代以来，降雨侵蚀力下降趋势更为明显；分季节来看，除春季和冬季降雨侵蚀力呈增加趋势外，其他季节与年际变化趋势保持一致，呈下降趋势。月尺度上，7月降雨侵蚀力最大，12月最小，月际差异明显。山东省降雨侵蚀力与PDO和多元ENSO指数（MEI）的相关性存在明显的空间差异，与山东省降雨侵蚀力的负相关性从东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐递减。年际尺度上，山东省降雨侵蚀力存在0.8~2 a尺度的年际振荡周期表现出与两大气候指数相似的变化特征。高能量区，山东省各区降雨侵蚀力与PDO和MEI指数的共振周期分别约为4~5和3~4 a。低能量区，山东省各区降雨侵蚀力与PDO显示出4 a左右的年际振荡周期，但显著性水平有所不同；降雨侵蚀力与MEI指数在不同时间段呈现出不同的共振周期。

关键词: 山东省, 降雨侵蚀力, 气候指数, 小波分析

Abstract:

Although water erosion is a key factor causing soil degradation, quantification of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall erosivity remains insufficient. Forced by the daily precipitation data from 18 meteorological stations, a monthly rainfall erosivity model was used to estimate the rainfall erosivity of Shandong Province from 1961 to 2010. Its temporal variation and trends were determined by means of Mann-Kendall trend test. Also, the relationship between rainfall erosivity and large-scale climatic oscillation were examined such as the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), nino/southern oscillation (ENSO) using the Pearson correlation coefficient, continuous wavelet transform (CWT), cross wavelet change (XWT) and wavelet coherence spectrum (WTC). The results show that annual rainfall erosivity experienced a downward trend during the past 50 years, especially since the 1980s. Summer and autumn rainfall erosivity exhibits the same trend with annual rainfall erosivity during the same periods, whereas upward trends occurs in the spring and winter rainfall erosivity. Seasonally, maximum rainfall erosivity occurs in July and minimum in December. The correlation between rainfall erosivity with the Pacific PDO and ENSO decreases from southeast coast to northwest inland. Rainfall erosivity of Shandong province reveals an approximately 0.8-2 year periodicity, which is similar to those for PDO and ENSO. In high energy area, the rainfall erosivity shows covariance with PDO and ENSO with periodicity of 4-5 years and 3-4 years, respectively. In low energy area, rainfall erosivity has a 4-year periodicity, which is same with PDO, but distinct from ENSO. These results are vital for soil and water conservation, and ecological restoration in Shandong Province.

Key words: Shandong Province, rainfall erosivity, climate indices, wavelet analysis

中图分类号:

S157
P46

徐泽华, 韩美, 路广, 朱继前. 山东省降雨侵蚀力与气候指数关系研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(10): 880-889.

XU Ze-hua, HAN Mei, LU Guang, ZHU Ji-qian. Relationship Between Rainfall Erosivity in Shandong Province and Climate Indices[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(10): 880-889.

参考文献

[1] 赖成光,陈晓宏,王兆礼,等.珠江流域1960-2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):159-167.[LAI Cheng-guang,CHEN Xiao-hong,WANG Zhao-li,et all.Spatial and Temporal Vriations of Rainfall Erosivity on Pearl River Basin During 1960-2012[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(8):159-167.]
[2] 赵平伟,郭萍.1980-2013年滇西北地区降雨侵蚀力变化特征[J].地理科学,2015,35(10):1306-1311.[ZHAO Wei-ping,GUO Ping.Spatial and Temporal Variations of Rainfall Erosivity in Northwest Yunnan Province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(10):1306-1311.]
[3] WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Rainfall Energy and Its Relationship to Soil Loss[J].Transactions American Geophysical Union,1958,39(2):285-291.
[4] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.[ZHANG Wen-bo,XIE Yun,LIU Bao-yuan.Rainfall Erosivity Estimation Using Daily Rainfall Amounts[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(6):705-711.]
[5] 刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):499-509.[LIU Bin-tao,TAO He-ping,SONG Chun-feng,et al.Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Erosivity in Southwest China From 1960 to 2009[J].Advance in Earth Science,2012,27(5):499-509.]
[6] 范建容,严冬,郭祥.GIS支持下的长江上游降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):92-96.[FAN Jian-rong,YAN Dong,GUO Xiang.Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity Based on GIS in the Upper Yangtze River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(1):92-96.]
[7] 陈东东,程路,栗晓玮,等.基于地统计学的四川省降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(1):206-213.[CHEN Dong-dong,CHENG Lu,LI Xiao-wei,et al.Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity in Sichuan Province Based on Geostatistics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(1):206-213.]
[8] 戴海伦,苑爽,张科利,等.贵州省降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):37-41.[DAI Hai-lun,YUAN Shuang,ZHANG Ke-li,et al.Study on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity in Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):37-41.]
[9] 汪言在,苟诗薇.重庆市降雨侵蚀力空间格局及其变化[J].地理科学,2013,33(1):116-122.[WANG Yan-zai,GOU Shi-wei.The Spatial-Temporal Pattern and Changes of Rainfall Erosivity in Chongqing[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(1):116-122.]
[10] 陈世发.ENSO对韶关市1951-2013年降雨侵蚀力影响研究[J].地理科学,2016(10):1573-1580.[CHEN Shi-fa.Impact of ENSO on Rainfall Erosivity in Shaoguan City During 1951-2013[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(10):1573-1580.]
[11] ROY S S,ROUAULT M.Spatial Patterns of Seasonal Scale Trends in Extreme Hourly Precipitation in South Africa[J].Applied Geography,2013,39:151-157.
[12] ANGULO-MARTÍNEZ M,BEGUERÍA S.Do Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns Influence Rainfall Erosivity?A Study of NAO,MO and WeMO in NE Spain,1955-2006[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,450/451:168-179.
[13] RAMOS M C,DURÁN B.Assessment of Rainfall Erosivity and Its Spatial and Temporal Variabilities:Case Study of the Penedès Area (NE Spain)[J].Catena,2014,123:135-147.
[14] MESHESHA D T,TSUNEKAWA A,TSUBO M,et al.Evaluating Spatial and Temporal Variations of Rainfall Erosivity,Case of Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2015,119(3/4):515-522.
[15] CHEN S F,ZHA X.Effects of the ENSO on Rainfall Erosivity in the Fujian Province of Southeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:1378-1388.
[16] 陈世发,查轩.福建省1956-2013年降雨侵蚀力与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的关系[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):38-43.[CHEN Shi-fa,ZHA Xuan.The Relationship Between Rainfall Erosivity and ENSO in Fujian Province During 1956-2013[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(4):38-43.]
[17] 马良,左长清,尹忠东,等.山东省降雨侵蚀力多年变化特征分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(4):79-85.[MA Liang,ZUO Chang-qing,YIN Zhong-dong,et al.Analysis on Variation Characteristics of the Rainfall Erosivity During Last 58 Years in Shandong Province[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,8(4):79-85.]
[18] 姜德娟,李志,王昆.1961-2008年山东省极端降水事件的变化趋势分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(9):1118-1124.[JIANG De-juan,LI Zhi,WANG Kun.Trends of Extreme Precipitation Events Over Shandong Province From 1961 to 2008[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(9):1118-1124.]
[19] 王建国,孙典卿.中国气象灾害大典:山东卷[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:9-119.
[20] 蔡裕民,齐善忠,段慧平.山东省水土流失状况分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):259-260,263.[CAI Yu-min,QI Shan-zhong,DUAN Hui-ping.Status of Soil and Water Loss in Shandong Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(5):259-260,263.]
[21] 赵一飞,邹欣庆,张勃,等.黄土高原甘肃区降水变化与气候指数关系[J].地理科学,2015,35(10):1325-1332.[ZHAO Yi-fei,ZOU Xin-qing,ZHANG Bo,et al.Precipitation Variation in Association With Climate Indices in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province,Northwest China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(10):1325-1332.]
[22] 王庆,马倩倩,夏艳玲,等.最近50年来山东地区夏季降水的时空变化及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):220-228.[WANG Qing,MA Qian-qian,XIA Yan-ling,et al.Spatial-Temporal Variations and Influential Factors of Summer Precipitation in Shandong Region During the Last 50 Years[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):220-228.]
[23] 苏宏新,李广起.基于SPEI的北京低频干旱与气候指数关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5467-5475.[SU Hong-xin,LI Guang-qi.Low-Frequency Drought Variability Based on SPEI in Association With Climate Indices in Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(17):5467-5475.]
[24] D'ODORICO P,YOO J,OVER T M.An Assessment of ENSO-Induced Patterns of Rainfall Erosivity in the Southwestern United States[J].Journal of Climate,2000,14(21):4230-4242.
[25] 章文波,付金生.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):35-41.[ZHANG Wen-bo,FU Jin-sheng.Rainfall Erosivity Estimation Under Different Rainfall Amount[J].Resources Science,2003,25(1):35-41.]
[26] 刘锋,陈沈良,彭俊,等.近60年黄河入海水沙多尺度变化及其对河口的影响[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):313-323.[LIU Feng,CHEN Shen-liang,PENG Jun,et al.Multi-Scale Variability of Flow Discharge and Sediment Load of Yellow River to Sea and Its Impacts on the Estuary During the Past 60 Years[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(3):313-323.]
[27] 李红军,江志红,刘新春,等.阿克苏河径流变化与北大西洋涛动的关系[J].地理学报,2008,63(5):491-501.[LI Hong-jun,JIANG Zhi-hong,LIU Xin-chun,et al.The Relationship Between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Runoff Variation of Aksu River in Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(5):491-501.]
[28] 徐宗学,孟翠玲,赵芳芳.山东省近40 a来的气温和降水变化趋势分析[J].气象科学,2007,27(4):387-393.[XU Zong-xue,MENG Cui-ling,ZHAO Fang-fang.Long-Term Trend Analysis for Temperature and Precipitation in Shandong Province[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2007,27(4):387-393.]
[29] 王亚敏,张勃,郭玲霞,等.地磁Ap指数与太阳黑子数的交叉小波分析及R/S分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(6):747-752.[WANG Ya-min,ZHANG Bo,GUO Ling-xia,et al.Cross Wavelet Analysis and R/S Analysis of Relationship Between Geomagnetic Ap Index and Sunspot Number[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(6):747-752.]
[30] 祁晓凡,杨丽芝,韩晔,等.济南泉域地下水位动态及其对降水响应的交叉小波分析[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(9):969-978.[QI Xiao-fan,YANG Li-zhi,HAN Ye,et al.Cross Wavelet Analysis of Groundwater Level Regimes and Precipitation-Groundwater Level Regime in Jinan Spring Region[J].Advances in Earth Sciences,2012,27(9):969-978.]
[31] 马柱国,邵丽娟.中国北方近百年干湿变化与太平洋年代际振荡的关系[J].大气科学,2006,30(3):464-474.[MA Zhu-guo,SHAO Li-juan.Relationship Between Dry/Wet Variation and the Pacific Decade Oscillation(PDO) in Northern China During the Last 100 Years[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2006,30(3):464-474.]
[32] ALEXANDER M A,BLADÉ I,NEWMAN M,et al.The Atmospheric Bridge:The Influence of ENSO Teleconnections on Air-Sea Interaction Over the Global Oceans.[J].Journal of Climate,2002,15(16):2205-2231.
[33] WANG B,JIAN L,JING Y,et al.Distinct Principal Modes of Early and Late Summer Rainfall Anomalies in East Asia[J].Journal of Climate,2009,22(13):3864-3875.
[34] ZHANG Q,ZENG J,ZHANG L Y.Characteristics of Land Surface Thermal-Hydrologic Processes for Different Regions Over North China During Prevailing Summer Monsoon Period[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(11):1872-1880.