不同耕作方式对冬小麦田杂草群落多样性的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究不同耕作方式对农田杂草群落多样性的影响，通过安徽巢湖市西宋村长期定位实验，采用样方法，对不同耕作方式条件下冬小麦田杂草的种类、密度、盖度等相关指标进行调查研究，分析了杂草的优势度、生态位宽度与生态位重叠值。结果表明：（1）秸秆还田能有效降低田间杂草群落的密度，其中秸秆粉碎还田优于秸秆直接还田，对应的杂草密度下降40%，多样性指数和丰富度指数分别提高30%和130%。（2）各处理的优势种是稗和野燕麦，对应优势度的均值分别为1.460 6和2.024 5，与其他植物的生态位重叠值均达到0.721以上。（3）优化施肥使麦田杂草多样性指数增加35%，缓控施肥使麦田杂草多样性指数增加75%。耕作方式对农田杂草群落具有明显的影响。

关键词: 群落多样性, 农田杂草, 农田管理

Abstract:

In order to analyze the impact of farmland management on the diversity of farmland weed community, a long-term observation experiment of different tillage and fertilization treatments was carried out in the farmland of Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province since 2011. Through the investigation of sample plots, the effects of different treatments on the weed species, density, dominance and other related indicators in the winter wheat field were determined. The results show that:(1)Crop straw returning could effectively reduce weed population density, and straw crushing and returning to field was better than that of straw directly returning to field, corresponding to the weed density decreased by 40%, diverse index and diversity index were increased by 30% and 130%. (2)The dominant species in each treatment were Echinochloa hispidula and Avena fatua, and their mean values of dominance were 1.460 6 and 2.024 5, respectively, and their overlap with other plants exceeded 0.721. (3)Optimization of fertilization made the diversity index of weed community increased by 35% and controlled fertilization made the diversity index increased by 75%.The experimental results show that the change of tillage and fertilization can have a significant impact on the weed community.

Key words: community diversity, weeds, farmland management

中图分类号:

S314

张震, 曹亚蒙, 武建勇, 马友华, 何金铃, 周迪. 不同耕作方式对冬小麦田杂草群落多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(2): 210-216.

ZHANG Zhen, CAO Ya-meng, WU Jian-yong, MA You-hua, HE Jin-ling, ZHOU Di. Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Weed Community Diversity in Winter Wheat Fields[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(2): 210-216.

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