山茶品种花色变异与花青苷的关系

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 应用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）和超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）联用技术，分析山茶（Camellia japonica）白色、粉色、红色和黑色4个色系22个品种花瓣中花青苷成分与含量；按照CIE L^*a^*b^*表色系法测量其花色变异，运用多元线性回归方法研究其花色变异与花青苷之间的关系，以期为山茶花色育种提供理论依据。结果表明，山茶品种花瓣中共检测到7种花青苷，分别为矢车菊素-3-O-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3Ga）、矢车菊素-3-O-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3G）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-咖啡酰]-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3GaECaf）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-咖啡酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GECaf）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（Z）-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GZpC）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-p-香豆酰]-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3GaEpC）和矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-（E）-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GEpC）。山茶品种白色花瓣中均未检测到花青苷，粉色、红色和黑色花瓣中主要花青苷均为Cy3G、Cy3GEpC和Cy3Ga；红色花瓣中花青苷总量及Cy3G、Cy3GEpC和Cy3Ga含量远高于粉色，黑色花瓣中花青苷总量及Cy3G、Cy3GEpC和Cy3Ga含量远高于红色和粉色花瓣。从粉色、红色到黑色，花瓣中主要花青苷含量及花青苷总量明显增加，Cy3Ga和Cy3G比例升高，Cy3GEpC比例降低。Cy3G和Cy3GEpC是决定山茶品种花色的主要花青苷，其含量的积累可导致花瓣红色程度增加。

关键词: 山茶, 花色, 变异, 花青苷, 超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱

Abstract: The flower colors, anthocyanin components and contents in 22 cultivars of C. japonica, which were categorized into 4 color series including white, pink, red and dark red, were determined. Flower colors were measured by CIE L^*a^*b^* scale, and anthocyanin components and contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight massspectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).The relationship between the variation of flower colors and anthocyanin components was explored by multiple liner regression analyses, which provided a theoretical basis for flower color breeding of C.japonica.The results show that seven anthocyanins were detected in cultivars of C. japonica, including cyanidin-3-O-β-galactoside(Cy3Ga), cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside(Cy3G), cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(E)-caffeoyl]-β-galactoside(Cy3GaECaf), cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(E)-caffeoyl]-β-glucoside(Cy3GECaf),cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl]-β-glucoside(Cy3GZpC), cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]-β-galactoside(Cy3GaEpC) and cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]-β-glucoside(Cy3GEpC). No anthocyanins were detected from white petals in cultivars of C. japonica, and the main anthocyanins from pink, red and dark red petals were Cy3G,Cy3GEpC and Cy3Ga. Total anthocyanin and the contents of Cy3G, Cy3GEpC and Cy3Ga from red petals were far higher than that from pink petals. Total anthocyanin and the contents of Cy3G, Cy3GEpC and Cy3Ga from dark red petals were far higher than that from red and pink petals. From pink, red to dark red, total anthocyanins and the main anthocyanins from petals in cultivars of C. japonica increased obviously, and the proportion of Cy3G and Cy3Ga also increased but that of Cy3GEpC decreased. It is concluded that Cy3G and Cy3GEpC were the main anthocyanins which determined the colors of petals in cultivars of C. japonica, and the accumulation of their contents enhanced the red color of petals.

Key words: Camellia japonica, flower color, variation, anthocyanin, ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

中图分类号:

Q943

李辛雷, 王洁, 殷恒福, 范正琪, 李纪元. 山茶品种花色变异与花青苷的关系[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(10): 1307-1313.

LI Xin-lei, WANG Jie, YIN Heng-fu, FAN Zheng-qi, LI Ji-yuan. Variation of Flower Colors and Their Relationships With Anthocyanins in Cultivars of Camellia japonica[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(10): 1307-1313.

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