造林对区域森林生态系统碳储量和固碳速率的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0254

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 量化连年造林对提升区域森林生态系统固碳能力的贡献，对于了解区域碳循环和应对气候变化具有重要意义。基于县域造林统计数据和森林资源规划设计调查数据，应用区域尺度森林碳收支模型（CBM-CFS3）设置造林情景与未造林情景（BS），评估和预测了2009-2030年造林对湖北省兴山县森林生态系统碳储量和固碳速率的影响。结果表明，模拟期间造林情景下兴山县森林生态系统碳储量和固碳速率平均值分别为16 540.55 Gg和208.04 Gg·a^-1，比BS情景对应值高472.85 Gg（2.94%）和16.01 Gg·a^-1（8.34%）。在新造林生态系统中，生物量碳库和死亡有机质碳库的碳储量占比分别为19.11%和80.89%，这2个碳库的固碳速率分别占新造林生态系统固碳速率的94.15%和5.85%。造林使马尾松林和落叶阔叶林生态系统碳储量平均值分别增加237.23和235.63 Gg，使两者固碳速率分别增加6.44和9.57 Gg·a^-1。通过调整兴山县林龄结构，造林提高了森林生态系统碳储量和固碳速率。未来可适当增加落叶阔叶林造林面积，加强抚育管理，以增强该区域森林碳汇功能，促使森林资源持续发展。

关键词: 造林, 灰色模型, CBM-CFS3模型, 固碳

Abstract: It is crucial to improve our understanding of regional carbon cycling and climate change mitigation by quantifying the contribution of afforestation to regional carbon sequestration. Based on forest resource planning and design data as well as afforestation information from Xingshan County, Hubei, this study applied a regional-scale forest carbon budget model (CBM-CFS3) to simulate and evaluate the impact of afforestation on the carbon stocks and carbon sequestration rates of forest ecosystems in this region from 2009 to 2030 in both afforestation and non-afforestation scenarios. Results show that the average carbon stock and annual carbon sequestration rate of forest ecosystems in this region would be 16 540.55 Gg and 208.04 Gg·a^-1 under afforestation, respectively, representing values that are 472.85 Gg (2.94%) and 16.01 Gg·a^-1 (8.34%) higher than those under BS scenario, respectively. The proportion of carbon stocks in biomass and dead organic matter accounted for 19.11% and 80.89%, respectively; therefore, these two carbon pools contributed 94.15% and 5.85% to the carbon sequestration rate in afforested areas, respectively. Afforestation increased the average carbon stocks of both Pinus massoniana forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests by 237.23 and 235.63 Gg, respectively. This enhanced the carbon sequestration rates of these two forest ecosystems by 6.44 and 9.57 Gg·a^-1, respectively. Afforestation improved forest carbon stocks and carbon sequestration rates by changing the forest age structures in this region. Clearly, planting more deciduous broad-leaved forests and improving forest management will enhance the forest carbon sequestration capability and promote sustainable development of forest resources.

Key words: afforestation, gray model, CBM-CFS3 model, carbon sequestration

中图分类号:

S719
S718.55

冯源, 肖文发, 朱建华, 李奇. 造林对区域森林生态系统碳储量和固碳速率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(3): 281-290.

FENG Yuan, XIAO Wen-fa, ZHU Jian-hua, LI Qi. Impacts of Afforestation on the Carbon Stocks and Carbon Sequestration Rates of Regional Forest Ecosystems[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(3): 281-290.

参考文献 34

[1]	PAN Y D,BIRDSEY R A,PHILLIPS O L,et al.The Structure,Distribution,and Biomass of the World's Forests[J].Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,2013,44:593-622.
[2]	SEIDL R,THOM D,KAUTZ M,et al.Forest Disturbances Under Climate Change[J].Nature Climate Change,2017,7(6):395-402.
[3]	黄麟,邵全琴,刘纪远.江西省人工造林碳蓄积的时空过程[J].生态学报,2015,35(7):2105-2118.[HUANG Lin,SHAO Quan-qin,LIU Ji-yuan.The Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Carbon Sequestration by Forestation in Jiangxi Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(7):2105-2118.]
[4]	BONAN G B,DONEY S C.Climate,Ecosystems,and Planetary Futures:The Challenge to Predict Life in Earth System Models[J].Science,2018,359(6375):eaam8328.DOI:10.1126/science.aam8328.
[5]	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015[R/OL].Rome:FAO,2015:17-38.[2019-04-09].http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4793c.pdf.
[6]	FANG J Y,GUO Z D,HU H F,et al.Forest Biomass Carbon Sinks in East Asia,With Special Reference to the Relative Contributions of Forest Expansion and Forest Growth[J].Global Change Biology,2014,20(6):2019-2030.
[7]	刘博杰,张路,逯非,等.中国退耕还林工程温室气体排放与净固碳量[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1693-1707.[LIU Bo-jie,ZHANG Lu,LU Fei,et al.Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Net Carbon Sequestration of "Grain for Green" Program in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(6):1693-1707.]
[8]	DENG L,LIUS G,KIM D G,et al.Past and Future Carbon Sequestration Benefits of China's Grain for Green Program[J].Global Environmental Change,2017,47:13-20.
[9]	ZHANG G Q,ZHANG P,CAO Y.Ecosystem Carbon and Nitrogen Storage Following Farmland Afforestation With Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2018,29(3):761-771.
[10]	罗云建,张小全,朱建华,等.关帝山林区退化灌木林转变为华北落叶松林对生态系统碳储量的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(23):8354-8362.[LUO Yun-jian,ZHANG Xiao-quan,ZHU Jian-hua,et al.Changes in Ecosystem Carbon Storage Following Conversion of Degraded Shrubland to Larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.) in the Guandi Mountain Forest Region,Northern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(23):8354-8362.]
[11]	贾松伟.长江流域森林植被碳储量分布特征及动态变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(11):997-1002.[JIA Song-wei.Carbon Storage Distribution and Its Dynamic Changes of Forest Vegetation in Yangtze River Basin Based on Continuous Forest Resources Inventory[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(11):997-1002.]
[12]	任继勤,夏景阳.基于碳密度-林龄关系的黑龙江省森林碳汇潜力预测[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(4):552-558.[REN Ji-qin,XIA Jing-yang.Prediction of Forest Carbon Sink Potential in Heilongjiang Province:The Carbon Density-age Relationship-Based Approach[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(4):552-558.]
[13]	王艳芳,刘领,邓蕾,等.采伐对豫西退耕还林工程固碳的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1400-1408.[WANG Yan-fang,LIU Ling,DENG Lei,et al.Evaluation of Carbon Storage and the Carbon Sequestration Potential Under Cutting and No-cutting Scenarios for the Grain for Green Project in Western Henan,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(5):1400-1408.]
[14]	PANG X Y,HUANG J S,ZHAO Q X,et al.Ecosystem Carbon Stock Across a Chronosequence of Spruce Plantations Established on Cutovers of a High-elevation Region[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(9):2239-2249.
[15]	廖亮林,周蕾,王绍强,等.2005-2013年中国新增造林植被生物量碳库固碳潜力分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(11):1939-1947.[LIAO Liang-lin,ZHOU Lei,WANG Shao-qiang,et al.Carbon Sequestration Potential of Biomass Carbon Pool for New Afforestation in China During 2005-2013[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(11):1939-1947.]
[16]	KURZ W A,DYMOND C C,WHITE T M,et al.CBM-CFS3:A Model of Carbon-dynamics in Forestry and Land-use Change Implementing IPCC Standards[J].Ecological Modelling,2009,220(4):480-504.
[17]	KULL S J,RAMPLEY G J,MORKEN S,et al.Operational-scale Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) Version 1.2:User's Guide[M].Alberta,Canada:Northern Forestry Centre,2016:1-18.
[18]	许泉,芮雯奕,何航,等.不同利用方式下中国农田土壤有机碳密度特征及区域差异[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2505-2510.[XU Quan,RUI Wen-yi,HE Hang,et al.Characteristics and Regional Differences of Soil Organic Carbon Density in Farmland Under Different Land Use Patterns in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(12):2505-2510.]
[19]	付甜.基于CBM-CFS3模型的三峡库区主要森林生态系统碳计量[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.[FU Tian.Carbon Estimation of Main Forest Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir Area Using CBM-CFS3[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2013.]
[20]	周涛,史培军,贾根锁,等.中国森林生态系统碳周转时间的空间格局[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(5):632-644.[ZHOU Tao,SHI Pei-jun,JIA Gen-suo,et al.Spatial Patterns of Ecosystem Carbon Residence Time in Chinese Forests[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2010,40(5):632-644.]
[21]	黄锦学,黄李梅,林智超,等.中国森林凋落物分解速率影响因素分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2010,5(3):56-63.[HUANG Jin-xue,HUANG Li-mei,LIN Zhi-chao,et al.Controlling Factors of Litter Decomposition Rate in China's Forests[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2010,5(3):56-63.]
[22]	SMYTH C E,TROFYMOW J A,KURZ W A,et al.Decreasing Uncertainty in CBM-CFS3 Estimates of Forest Soil Carbon Sources and Sinks Through Use of Long-term Data From the Canadian Intersite Decomposition Experiment[M].Victoria,BC:Pacific Forestry Centre,2010:3-9.
[23]	《湖北农村统计年鉴》编辑委员会.湖北农村统计年鉴:2009-2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009-2016.
[24]	陈光羽,彭洪林.兴山县天保工程资源监测及实施对策探讨[J].湖北林业科技,2006,35(6):49-52.[CHEN Guang-yu,PENG Hong-lin.Discussion on Resource Monitoring and Implementation Countermeasure of Natural Forest Protection Program in Xingshan County[J].Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,2006,35(6):49-52.]
[25]	肖文发,黄志霖,唐万鹏.长江三峡库区退耕还林工程生态效益监测与评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.[XIAO Wen-fa,HUANG Zhi-lin,TANG Wan-peng.Monitoring and Evaluation of Ecological Benefits of National Land Conversion Program in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.]
[26]	黎孔清,陈俭军,马豆豆.基于STIRPAT和GM(1,1)模型的湖南省农地投入碳排放增长机理及趋势预测[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(2):345-352.[LI Kong-qing,CHEN Jian-jun,MA Dou-dou.Growth Mechanism and Trend Forecast of Carbon Emission From Farmland Inputs in Hunan Province Based on Stirpat and GM (1,1) Model[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(2):345-352.]
[27]	邢乐杰.三峡库区森林生态系统有机碳储量研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.[XING Le-jie.Study on Organic Carbon Storage of Forest Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.]
[28]	张滨,张丽娜,刘秀萍,等.河北省北部森林植被碳储量和固碳速率研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(3):392-402.[ZHANG Bin,ZHANG Li-na,LIU Xiu-ping,et al.Vegetation Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration Rates in Northern Hebei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2016,24(3):392-402.]
[29]	潘鹏,欧阳勋志,甘文峰.不同方法估算马尾松天然林植被固碳潜力的比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(1):32-35.[PAN Peng,OUYANG Xun-zhi,GAN Wen-feng.Methods in Estimating Carbon Sequestration Potential of Pinus massoniana Nature Forest Vegetation[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(1):32-35.]
[30]	陈丹凤.江西省三种典型人工林固碳现状及其潜力[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016:21-24.[CHEN Dan-feng.The Carbon Sequestration Status and Potention of Three Typical Plantations in Jiangxi Province[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2016:21-24.]
[31]	张小全,侯振宏.森林、造林、再造林和毁林的定义与碳计量问题[J].林业科学,2003,39(2):145-152.[ZHANG Xiao-quan,HOU Zhen-hong.Definitions of Afforestation,Reforestation and Deforestation in Relations to Carbon Accounting[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(2):145-152.]
[32]	TENG M J,ZENG L X,XIAO W F,et al.Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Carbon in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,599/600:1308-1316.
[33]	MITCHARD E T A.The Tropical Forest Carbon Cycle and Climate Change[J].Nature,2018,559(7715):527-534.
[34]	邱琳,郑江华,王蕾,等.新疆西伯利亚落叶松固碳速率时空分异研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(19):6953-6963.[QIU Lin,ZHENG Jiang-hua,WANG Lei,et al.Spatiotemporal Variation in the Carbon Sequestration Rate of Larix sibirica in Xinjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(19):6953-6963.]