丛枝菌根真菌提高植物抵御低温胁迫能力的生理机制研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0524

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低温是影响植物生长发育过程的重要非生物胁迫因子。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是一种古老的土壤微生物，能够与植物共生形成庞大的菌丝网络，使植物汲取更大面积的土壤养分，改善植物的营养状况，促进生长发育，提高植物抵御低温胁迫的能力。丛枝菌根共生体响应低温胁迫可能的机制涉及2个方面：一是宿主植物在胁迫环境下自身响应系统的激活；二是丛枝菌根真菌自身及诱导植物合成抵御胁迫的生化物质，进而调节宿主植物响应低温胁迫。基于此，从水分吸收、质膜通透性改变和活性氧清除、碳水化合物合成与转化、氮磷吸收、次级代谢产物合成等方面对植物菌根共生体响应低温胁迫的生理与分子调控机制进行了综述，并提出了展望，以期为深入探索植物抗逆机制提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF), 菌根共生, 碳氮代谢, 低温胁迫, 抗氧化系统

Abstract: Low temperature is one of the critical abiotic stress, which has an adverse effect on plant growth and development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), an ancient kind of microorganism in soil, can constitute mutualistic associations with roots through huge mycelium network, to benefit absorbing nutrients from soil and improving plant nutrientional status, hence promoting plant growth and development and improving the low temperature tolerance. The possible mechanisms of AM symbiosis induced plant tolerance to low temperature include (1) activating the host plant's response systems to the environmental changes; (2) triggering the synthesis of biochemical substances from plants and AMF for regulating host plants' response to low temperature. Therefore, this work summarized the physiological and molecular mechanisms of AM induced plant tolerance to low temperature, including water uptake, changes of plasma membrane permeability and ROS scavenging, carbohydrate synthesis and translocation, N and P uptake, and secondary metabolites synthesis, and finally raised some perspectives, to provide scientific basis for further exploring the mechanisms of plant tolerance induction.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), mycorrhizal symbiosis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, low temperature resistance, antioxidant system

中图分类号:

李书鑫, 杨文莹, 朱先灿, 王英男, 王竞红, 蔺吉祥. 丛枝菌根真菌提高植物抵御低温胁迫能力的生理机制研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(12): 1516-1523.

LI Shu-xin, YANG Wen-ying, ZHU Xian-can, WANG Ying-nan, WANG Jing-hong, LIN Ji-xiang. Advances in Physiological Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induced Low Temperature Resistance in Plant[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(12): 1516-1523.

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