淹水胁迫对菖蒲生理特性及其根际细菌群落特征的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0731

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取典型挺水植物菖蒲（Acorus calamus）为研究对象，通过在滆湖的原位模拟试验探究正常水位（T0）、半淹水深约40 cm（T1）和全淹水深约80 cm（T2）及淹水持续时间（试验周期42 d）对菖蒲生理特性及其根际细菌群落特征的影响。结果表明：（1）菖蒲能够适应28 d半淹环境，但半淹水35 d或全淹水21 d以上均会加剧菖蒲叶片的膜脂过氧化程度，促使丙二醛（MDA）含量增高，显著抑制菖蒲叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及光合作用能力（P<0.05）。（2）对比淹水前（0 d）和淹水结束后（42 d）菖蒲根际细菌群落特征发现，淹水导致菖蒲根际细菌群落结构发生改变，与淹水前相似度较低，但不同淹水深度之间相似度较高；淹水结束后菖蒲根际细菌群落多样性和丰富度均有所增加且特有细菌种类增多；淹水前后细菌群落组成在门、纲、目、科、属类水平上优势种群相近，但是数量不同：淹水结束后在门水平上蓝藻门和厚壁菌门丰度上升，变形菌门丰度下降；在属水平上，假单胞菌属、硫杆菌属和硫曲菌属等好氧菌群丰度下降，普氏菌属等厌氧菌群丰度上升，这与淹水易造成植物根际低氧环境有关。

关键词: 菖蒲, 淹水胁迫, 生理特性, 根际细菌群落

Abstract: The typical emergent plant Acorus calamus was selected for a in-situ simulation experiment in Gehu Lake. Effects of different treatments on physiological characteristics and rhizosphere bacterial community of Acorus calamus were investigated at different flooding depths (T0, T1, T2 referred to normal water level, half-submerged water level about 40 cm and completely submerged water level about 80 cm, respectively) and flooding duration (within an experimental period of 42 d). The results show that: (1) Acorus calamus could adapt to 28 d half-submerged environment, but more than 35 d half-submerged or more than 21 d completely submerged environment would aggravate leaf membrane lipid peroxidation, and increase the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), significantly inhibiting the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the photosynthesis of plant leaves (P<0.05). (2) Comparing the characteristics of rhizosphere bacterial community of Acorus calamus at the beginning of flooding (0 d) and the end of flooding (42 d), it was found that flooding led to the change of rhizosphere bacterial community structure of Acorus calamus, which was less similar to that at the beginning of flooding, but the similarity between different flooding depths was higher. The diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacterial community of Acorus calamus were increased and there were more unique bacterial species at the end of flooding. There was no significant difference in the composition of bacterial community at the level of phylum, class, order, family, genus, but the composition quantity was different. At the level of phylum, the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes increased and the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased at the end of flooding. At the level of genus, the abundance of aerobic flora such as Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum decreased, and the abundance of anaerobic flora such as Prevotella increased, which was related to the low oxygen environment in the rhizosphere caused by flooding.

Key words: Acorus calamus, flooding stress, physiological characteristics, rhizosphere bacterial community

中图分类号:

X173

顾诗云, 杨飞, 张毅敏, 张志伟, 谢科夫, 管祥洋. 淹水胁迫对菖蒲生理特性及其根际细菌群落特征的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(4): 488-498.

GU Shi-yun, YANG Fei, ZHANG Yi-min, ZHANG Zhi-wei, XIE Ke-fu, GUAN Xiang-yang. Effects of Flooding Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Acorus calamus[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(4): 488-498.

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