黔西北岩溶区华山松(Pinus armandii)种群结构及动态特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0913

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以草海国家级自然保护区华山松（Pinus armandii）为研究对象，采用典型样地调查法，以胸径代替龄级，从静态生命表、存活曲线、生存分析和时间序列分析等方面定量研究华山松种群的结构特征及动态变化，为喀斯特森林生态系统的保护、资源管理和恢复重建提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）华山松种群呈两头小中间大的纺锤形结构，数量动态指数（V_n）随龄级的增加波动较大，但忽略外部干扰的种群数量变化动态指数（V_pi）和考虑外部干扰的种群数量变化动态指数（V_pi'）均大于0，属增长型种群，存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型；（2）生存分析显示，华山松生存率逐渐降低，累积死亡率逐渐增加，两者呈相反的变化趋势；死亡密度和危险率曲线反差明显，死亡密度曲线变化平缓，稳中有降，危险率曲线逐渐增加，综合表明华山松种群具有前期平稳、中期增长、后期衰退的特点；（3）时间序列分析显示，华山松种群在未来经历2、4、6、8龄级后，Ⅰ~Ⅲ龄级个体数逐渐减少，Ⅴ~Ⅸ龄级个体数则逐渐增加。研究表明，华山松种群的更新主要受建成机制制约，建议对幼苗和幼树加强抚育和管理养护措施。

关键词: 华山松, 岩溶区, 种群结构, 种群数量动态

Abstract: An investigation was conducted on the population structure and dynamics of Pinus armandii in Caohai National Nature Reserve with the typical plot survey method. Diameter class was adopted to represent age class, the static life table and survival curves were compiled to analyze its current population structure and the survival analysis and time sequence analysis were used to predict its future quantitative dynamics. These can provide a scientific basis for the protection, resource management and restoration of karst forest ecosystems. The results show that: (1) The P. armandii population showed a spindle-shaped age structure, the survival curve tended to be Deevey-II type. The quantitative dynamic index (V_n) fluctuated greatly with the increase of age, the quantitative dynamic index neglecting (V_pi) and considering outside interference (V_pi')were both greater than 0, which showed that the P. armandii population belonged to the growing type. (2) Survival analysis show that the survival rate gradually decreased and the cumulative mortality gradually increased. The curve of death density decreased smoothly and that of risk rate increased gradually, which meant that the population of P. armandii was stable in the early stage, increased in the middle stage, and declined in the later stage. (3) The forecasting model of time sequence analysis indicated that after 2, 4, 6 and 8 age classes in the future, there will be a gradually decreasing trend from Ⅰ to Ⅲ age class, and a gradually increasing trend from Ⅴ to Ⅸ age class. Consequently,the regeneration of P. armandii population is mainly restricted by the built-up mechanism. It is suggested to strengthen tending, management and maintenance measures for seedlings and young trees.

Key words: Pinus armandii, karst region, population structure, population quantitative dynamics

中图分类号:

何斌, 李青, 陈群利, 薛晓辉, 李望军. 黔西北岩溶区华山松(Pinus armandii)种群结构及动态特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(6): 788-795.

HE Bin, LI Qing, CHEN Qun-li, XUE Xiao-hui, LI Wang-jun. Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Pinus armandii Population in Karst Region, Northwest of Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(6): 788-795.

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