生物炭、秸秆和粪肥对滨海盐碱土氮矿化和硝化作用的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过室内培养试验，研究不同有机物料对滨海盐碱土氮转化的影响。共设置7个处理：对照（CK）、氮肥（N）、氮肥+生物炭（N+B）、氮肥+鸡粪（N+M）、氮肥+秸秆（N+S）、氮肥+生物炭+鸡粪（N+BM）、氮肥+秸秆+鸡粪（N+SM）。结果表明，施用氮肥显著促进了土壤氮的硝化和矿化作用，增加了土壤硝态氮和净矿质态氮含量。与N处理相比，N+B处理能固持铵态氮，其铵态氮含量是N处理的1.85倍，同时也降低了土壤硝态氮和净矿质态氮含量，降幅分别为24.77%和55.86%，有效地抑制了土壤氮矿化和硝化作用。N+M处理则会促进土壤氮的硝化和矿化作用，其硝态氮和净矿质态氮含量较N处理分别增加了24.32%和73.19%，而铵态氮含量则下降了29.79%；N+SM与N+M处理的作用类似，其土壤硝态氮和净矿质态氮含量较N处理分别增加了10.33%和35.01%，而对铵态氮含量的影响不明显。N+S及N+BM处理对土壤氮硝化和矿化作用均无明显影响。由此可见，在滨海盐碱土综合改良利用中，添加鸡粪能提高矿质态氮含量，为作物生长提供更多的氮，但会促进土壤硝化作用，增加硝态氮含量，进而可能导致硝酸盐污染地下水的风险增加。而生物炭具有抑制土壤氮硝化和矿化的作用，能固持较多铵态氮，迟滞其硝化作用，减少有机态氮的损失，是滨海盐碱土改良的优良有机物料添加剂。

关键词: 滨海盐碱土, 硝化作用, 矿化作用, 生物炭, 有机物料

Abstract: Incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic material additions on the inorganic nitrogen conversion in coastal saline-alkali soil, including seven treatments: CK(control), N (N fertilizer, ammonium sulfate), N+B (N fertilizer with biochar), N+M (N fertilizer with chicken manure), N+S (N fertilizer with straw), N+BM (N fertilizer with biochar, and chicken manure), N+SM (N fertilizer with straw, and chicken manure). The results show that, N fertilizer promoted the occurrence of nitrification and mineralization, increased soil ammonium throughout the incubation period. Compared with the N treatment, the N+B treatment held a certain amount of ammonium nitrogen, delayed the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, with its ammonium nitrogen content to be 1.85 times as that of N treatment, and inhibited soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification, while decreased soil nitrate and mineral nitrogen by 24.77% and 55.86%, respectively. The N+M treatment promoted soil nitrification and mineralization, reduced soil ammonium by 29.79%, and finally increased soil nitrate and mineral nitrogen by 24.32% and 73.19%, respectively. The N+SM treatment had a similar effect as the N+M treatment, which increased soil nitrate and mineral nitrogen by10.33% and 35.01%, but having no significant influence on soil ammonium. The N+S and N+BM treatments had no significant effect on soil nitrification and mineralization. Therefore, for the comprehensive improvement and utilization of coastal saline-alkali soil, the addition of chicken manure can increase the content of mineral nitrogen and provide more nitrogen for plant growth, but it can promote soil nitrification and increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, bring about increased N₂O emissions and the risk of nitrate pollution of groundwater; while biochar has the effect of inhibiting soil nitrification and mineralization, it can hold more ammonium nitrogen and delay the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen, and reduce the loss of organic nitrogen. Biochar is an excellent organic material additive for saline soil reclamation.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali soil, nitrification, mineralization, biochar, organic material

中图分类号:

S158

胡立煌, 史文竹, 项剑, 王艮梅, 张焕朝. 生物炭、秸秆和粪肥对滨海盐碱土氮矿化和硝化作用的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(8): 1089-1096.

HU Li-huang, SHI Wen-zhu, XIANG Jian, WANG Gen-mei, ZHANG Huan-chao. Effects of Biochar, Straw and Manure Fertilizer on Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification of Coastal Saline-Alkali Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(8): 1089-1096.

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