活性污泥生物炭对沉积物中镉生态毒性的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评价沉积物中生物炭对重金属Cd生态毒性的影响，以底栖动物铜锈环棱螺（Bellamya aeruginosa）为测试生物，采用14-d亚慢性沉积物生物测试研究了不同添加水平的活性污泥生物炭与不同浓度Cd联合作用对Cd的生物积累、肝胰脏细胞DNA损伤以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的影响。结果表明，活性污泥生物炭可以显著降低间隙水中Cd含量。当沉积物w（Cd）较低（10 μg·g^-1）时，添加生物炭并不显著降低Cd的生物积累，当沉积物w（Cd）较高（50 μg·g^-1）时，只有w=5%的生物炭才能显著降低Cd的生物积累。活性污泥生物炭对铜锈环棱螺不具有毒性。添加生物炭后，低Cd处理组DNA损伤指数、SOD活性和MDA含量均没有显著改变，提示低Cd沉积物中添加生物炭不影响Cd毒性。就高Cd处理组而言，添加w=1%生物炭也不影响Cd毒性，当添加w=5%生物炭时，DNA损伤显著降低，SOD活性明显升高，MDA含量显著下降，Cd毒性下降约60%。因此，沉积物中Cd生物有效性的降低并不必然导致Cd在铜锈环棱螺体内生物积累的减少。沉积物中较高比例的生物炭通过对Cd的吸附阻控在一定程度上减少了生物积累，从而可以有效地降低毒性。生物炭对沉积物中污染物生态毒性的影响与污染物的种类和浓度以及生物炭用量有关。

关键词: 活性污泥, 生物炭, 沉积物, Cd, 铜锈环棱螺, 生态毒性

Abstract:

Biochar has emerged as an important green environmental sorbent of great potential in in-situ remedying contaminated soils and water. However, little is known regarding how biochar mitigates potential ecotoxicity risks of the pollutants in the environment through interaction with the pollutants. To evaluate the effects of biochar on ecological toxicity of cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal element, in sediments, Cd bioaccumulation, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hepatopancreas of benthic macroinvertebrate Bellamya aeruginosa following 14-day exposure to sediments spiked with Cd and/or activated-sludge-derived biochar were investigated. Results show that activated-sludge-derived biochar significantly reduced Cd content in porewater. In the treatments relatively low in Cd concentration (10 μg·g^-1), the addition of biochar did not significantly reduce Cd bioaccumulation, while in the treatments relatively high in Cd concentration (50 μg·g^-1), the addition of only 5% of biochar was enough to significantly reduce Cd accumulation. The applied activated-sludge-derived biochar was not toxic to B. aeruginosa. In the treatments spiked with 10 μg·g^-1, no effect of biochar affecting DNA damage index, SOD activities, and MDA contents in the hepatopancreas was observed, indicating the addition of biochar in sediments low in Cd content did not mitigate Cd toxicity. In the treatments spiked with 50 μg·g^-1, the addition of 1% biochar did not show any effect on Cd toxicity, either, however, the addition of 5% biochar significantly alleviated DNA damage, increased SOD activity, lowered MDA levels, and estimatedly reduced Cd toxicity by about 60%. It could, therefore, be concluded that reduced bioavailability of Cd in sediments does not invariably lead to decreased bioaccumulation in B. aeruginosa. The application of biochar at a high rate in sediments may reduce Cd bioaccumulation and hence Cd toxicity to some extent through inhibiting Cd adsorption. The effects of biochar alleviating ecotoxicity of pollutants in sediments may possibly be related to type and concentration of the pollutant and amendment rate of biochar.

Key words: activated sludge, biochar, sediment, Cd, Bellamya aeruginosa, ecotoxicity

中图分类号:

X171.5

田斌, 王萌, 陈环宇, 梁翠, 龚双姣, 马陶武. 活性污泥生物炭对沉积物中镉生态毒性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(2): 161-168.

TIAN Bin, WANG Meng, CHEN Huan-yu, LIANG Cui, GONG Shuang-jiao, MA Tao-wu. Impacts of Biochar Derived From Activated Sludge on Ecotoxicity of Cd in Sediment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(2): 161-168.

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