模拟条件下生态草帘净化硬质驳岸降雨径流的研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0037

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 1064-1071.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0037

模拟条件下生态草帘净化硬质驳岸降雨径流的研究

邵凯迪¹, 段婧婧², 薛利红², 徐德福¹

1. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏南京 210044;
2. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏南京 210014

收稿日期:2020-01-17 出版日期:2020-08-25 发布日期:2020-08-21
通讯作者: 薛利红,E-mail:njxuelihong@gmail.com E-mail:njxuelihong@gmail.com
作者简介:邵凯迪(1994-),男,江苏常州人,硕士生,研究方向为水污染控制。E-mail:kdShao@163.com
基金资助:
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07202004-003，2017ZX07203-003）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0800206）

Study on Purification of Runoff Contaminants From Hard Revetment by Ecological Mats Under Simulated Conditions

SHAO Kai-di¹, DUAN Jing-jing², XUE Li-hong², XU De-fu¹

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. Institute of Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2020-01-17 Online:2020-08-25 Published:2020-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用混凝土和浆砌石块将河岸带硬化易导致河岸带生态系统遭到严重破坏，河岸带对径流中污染物的拦截净化能力基本丧失，加剧了河道水体的富营养化。针对城镇驳岸硬质化这一普遍存在的现象，采用生态草帘技术对硬质驳岸进行修复，提高其对径流拦截的污染控制效果。经过基质筛选实验，选出植株长势较好的火山石-黑麦草和椰丝-黑麦草2个组合进行后续试验。2种生态草帘对总固体悬浮物（TSS）始终具有良好的拦截效果，拦截率在86%以上，且不受雨强和坡度的影响。对模拟径流试验中TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除效果均随坡度和降雨强度的增加而减弱，随降雨时间的增加而减低。椰丝草帘在坡度45°和小雨强下对TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除率最高可达51%和73%，优于火山石草帘（33%和47%）。随着雨强和坡度的增加，椰丝草帘对氮去除的优势不再明显。生态草帘对模拟径流中TP的去除效果较差且波动较大。生态草帘技术具有成本低、易于培育、铺设和收取快捷等优点，故可以作为一种可行的修复技术以提高硬质驳岸对污染物的拦截效果。

关键词: 生态草帘, 硬质驳岸, 降雨径流, 黑麦草, 污染拦截

Abstract: Concrete and masonry stones were used to reinforce the riparian zone, which led to serious damage to the ecosystem of riparian in China. The ability of riparian to intercept and remove contaminants in runoff is basically lost, which intensified the eutrophication of rivers.In view of this common phenomenon in urban areas, the ecological mats were chosen to restore and transform the hard revetment in order to improve the effect of interception to contaminants. After the experiment of substrate screening, the combination of pelelith-ryegrass and coir-ryegrass with better growth was screened for the subsequent experiment. These two kinds of ecological mats had good effect of interception on TSS (>86%), and they were not affected by rainfall intensity and slope. In the simulated runoff experiment, TN and NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency of ecological mats decreased with the increase of slope, rainfall intensity and the time of rainfall.The removal rate of TN and NH₄⁺-N by coir ecological mats under 45° of slope and light rain was 51% and 73%, respectively, which is better than that of pelelith ecological mats(33% and 47%).With the increase of rainfall intensity and slope, the advantage of nitrogen removal by coir ecological mats was not obvious anymore. The removal rate of TP in simulated runoff by ecological mats was poor and fluctuates greatly. The technology of ecological mats has the advantages of low cost, easy to cultivate, fast laying and collection, so it is a feasible remediation technology for improving the effect of the revetment on the interception of contaminants.

Key words: ecological mats, hard revetment, rainfall runoff, ryegrass, pollution interception

中图分类号:

邵凯迪, 段婧婧, 薛利红, 徐德福. 模拟条件下生态草帘净化硬质驳岸降雨径流的研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(8): 1064-1071.

SHAO Kai-di, DUAN Jing-jing, XUE Li-hong, XU De-fu. Study on Purification of Runoff Contaminants From Hard Revetment by Ecological Mats Under Simulated Conditions[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(8): 1064-1071.

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模拟条件下生态草帘净化硬质驳岸降雨径流的研究

Study on Purification of Runoff Contaminants From Hard Revetment by Ecological Mats Under Simulated Conditions

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