渭河流域土壤侵蚀时空特征及其地理探测

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0266

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于GIS和RS技术，利用RUSLE模型研究渭河流域2000-2015年土壤侵蚀时空分异特征，并运用地理探测器对其影响因素进行研究，结果表明：（1）2000-2015年渭河流域土壤侵蚀模数呈减小趋势，2000、2005、2010和2015年平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为50.724、42.270、39.716和35.944 t·hm^-2·a^-1，侵蚀总量减少1.959亿t，大部分地区土壤侵蚀强度向低级别转化；（2）流域土壤侵蚀强度较大区域主要分布在陇东黄土高原区及陇中黄土丘陵区，较小区域主要分布在关中平原和河谷平原。（3）植被覆盖度、造林面积和降雨量是影响流域土壤侵蚀空间分布的主要因素，且不同因子的交互作用均会增强对土壤侵蚀的解释力。（4）植被覆盖度小于0.3、降雨量在481.27~547.75 mm区间、海拔处于3 282~3 874 m区间以及坡度位于20°~25°区间的地区为流域土壤侵蚀高风险区。

关键词: 渭河流域, 土壤侵蚀, RUSLE模型, 地理探测器

Abstract: Based on GIS and RS technology, the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of soil erosion risk in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2015 were examined by using the RUSLE model. Influencing factors of soil erosion in the river basin were investigated by using the geographical detector. Results from this study indicate that: (1) the soil erosion modulus of the Weihe River basin shown a decreased trend from 2000 to 2015; average soil erosion moduli for the four periods were 50.724, 42.270, 39.716 and 35.944 t·hm^-2·a^-1 in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively, and with the total erosion declined by 1.959×10⁸ t. The soil erosion intensity in the majority of areas was transformed to a low level; (2) areas with a large soil erosion intensity were mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau of Longdong and the Loess Hilly area of Longzhong; areas with smaller erosion intensity were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Plain and the Valley Plain; (3) vegetation cover, afforestation area and rainfall were the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil erosion risk in the basin, and the interaction of different factors enhanced the explanatory power of soil erosion risk; and (4) areas with a vegetation cover less than 0.3, rainfall between 481.27-547.75 mm, elevation between 3 282-3 874 m and slope between 20° and 25° are high-risk areas of soil erosion in the basin.

Key words: Weihe River basin, soil erosion, RUSLE model, GeoDetector

中图分类号:

S157.1

贾磊, 姚顺波, 邓元杰, 李园园, 侯孟阳, 龚直文. 渭河流域土壤侵蚀时空特征及其地理探测[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(3): 305-314.

JIA Lei, YAO Shun-bo, DENG Yuan-jie, LI Yuan-yuan, HOU Meng-yang, GONG Zhi-wen. Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Soil Erosion Risk in Weihe River Basin and Its Geographical Exploration[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(3): 305-314.

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