基于凤眼莲（Eichhirnia crassipes）原位修复的养殖水体水质变化特征及氮磷平衡估算

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0550

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究凤眼莲（Eichhirnia crassipes）原位修复养殖水体的效能，在苏州市金庭镇大成现代农业园区选择了3个0.54 hm²的池塘开展现场试验，设置3个处理，分别是0（对照）、5%和10%的植物覆盖度。4月初投放鱼种，5月初投放凤眼莲种苗。4-11月每月采集水样并监测水中总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、总磷（TP）与悬浮物（SS）浓度，监测凤眼莲的生物量和植株氮、磷含量；在投苗和捕捞时监测鱼类单体质量和氮、磷含量。结果显示：7-10月，种养凤眼莲的池塘水体TN、NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N浓度显著低于对照；随着饲料投喂和鱼类生长，水体TP与SS浓度均呈现逐渐上升的趋势，当凤眼莲第1次采收时（7月），种养植物的池塘水体TP和SS浓度显著降低。种养凤眼莲的池塘鱼类单体质量、总产量及氮、磷利用率均高于对照，表明利用凤眼莲修复养殖水体对鱼类生长无负面影响。饲料输入是养殖池塘水体氮、磷的主要输入方式；鱼类产出与沉积作用是养殖池塘水体磷的主要输出方式，在水体氮输出总量中占比较高；凤眼莲植株形式的氮、磷输出量约占总输出的7.41%~13.78%和5.81%~9.87%。利用低覆盖度的凤眼莲原位修复养殖水体，虽可控制水体氮、磷等污染物浓度在较低的水平，但修复后的养殖水仍然存在污染风险，因此有必要对养殖池塘排水作进一步深度净化。

关键词: 凤眼莲, 养殖水体, 原位修复, 水质变化, 氮磷平衡

Abstract: In order to study the restoration efficiency of aquaculture wastewater by Eichhirnia carssipes, a field experiment was constructed in three ponds with the area of 0.54 hm² in Dacheng eco-agricultural territory of Jinting Town, Suzhou City. Three treatments: control, 5% plant coverage and 10 % plant coverage were set up. During the experiment, fish fry was released to the ponds in April and Eichhirnia carssipes was cultivated in the fences in May. From April to November, water samples were collected to monitor the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), total phosphorus (TP) and suspended solid (SS) every month. The fresh biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of Eichhirnia carssipes were monitored every month. The single weight, nitrogen and phosphorous contents of fish were monitored at fry releasing and fish catching. From July to October, the concentrations of TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in aquaculture water restored by the plant were significantly lower than that of the blank control. With feeding and fish growth, the concentrations of TP and SS in aquaculture water gradually increased. When Eichhirnia carssipes was harvested in July, the concentrations of TP and SS in in aquaculture water restored by the plant significantly decreased. The total yield, single weight and utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus of fish in the two ponds restored by Eichhirnia carssipes were higher than those of the control, which indicates that Eichhirnia carssipes cultivation in aquaculture ponds had no negative effect on fish growth. Feeding was the main way of nitrogen and phosphorus input in aquaculture water. Fish production and sediment deposition were the main ways of phosphorus output in aquaculture water and they accounted higher proportion in total nitrogen output of aquaculture water. The removal amount of nitrogen and phosphorus by Eichhirnia carssipes harvesting accounted for 7.41%~13.78% and 5.81%~9.87% of the total output, respectively. Compared with the control, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body could be controlled by low coverage of Eichhirnia carssipes. However, there is still a risk of water environmental pollution caused by the direct discharge of the restored aquaculture water. Thus it is very necessary to take deep-purifying measures to treat the drainage of the aquaculture pond.

Key words: Eichhirnia carssipes, aquaculture water, in situ restoration, water quality variation, balance of nitrogen and phosphorus

中图分类号:

X703

张迎颖, 刘丽珠, 宋伟, 王岩, 张君倩, 刘海琴, 严少华, 郭俊尧, 张志勇. 基于凤眼莲（Eichhirnia crassipes）原位修复的养殖水体水质变化特征及氮磷平衡估算[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(4): 534-544.

ZHANG Ying-ying, LIU Li-zhu, SONG Wei, WANG Yan, ZHANG Jun-qian, LIU Hai-qin, YAN Shao-hua, GUO Jun-yao, ZHANG Zhi-yong. Variation Characteristics of Water Quality and Equilibrium Estimation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Aquaculture Water Restored by Eichhirnia carssipes[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(4): 534-544.

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