贵州梵净山和赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区4种大中型兽类空间占域研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0096

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 1609-1615.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0096

贵州梵净山和赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区4种大中型兽类空间占域研究

万雅琼¹, 李佳琦¹, 徐海根¹, 李晟², 张明明³, 刘伟⁴

1. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室, 江苏南京 210042;
2. 北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871;
3. 贵州大学林学院/生物多样性与自然保护研究中心, 贵州贵阳 550025;
4. 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2021-02-21 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2021-12-22
通讯作者: 李佳琦 E-mail:lijiaqihao@163.com
作者简介:万雅琼(1992-),女,湖北宜昌人,助理研究员,硕士,主要研究方向为生物多样性保护。E-mail:wanyaqiong0229@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2018YFC0507206）；生态环境部南京环境科学研究所基本科研业务专项（GYZX200302）；生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目

Study on the Spatial Occupancy Behavior of Four Kinds of Large and Medium-Sized Mammals in the Fanjingshan and Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserves, Guizhou, China

WAN Ya-qiong¹, LI Jia-qi¹, XU Hai-gen¹, LI Sheng², ZHANG Ming-ming³, LIU Wei⁴

1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China;
2. School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
3. College of Forestry, Research Center of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation in Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
4. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodent, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2021-02-21 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2021-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 占域模型可用于大中型兽类的红外相机研究，主要目的是了解某个物种占据研究区域或适宜栖息地的比例、空间分布，同时可以评估环境因素对物种占域状态的影响。2019年4月至2019年7月，在梵净山国家级自然保护区和赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区分别布设红外相机40台，其中梵净山拍摄到4目12科22种兽类，赤水拍摄到4目10科19种兽类。2个保护区的大中型兽类中相对多度指数较高的物种均为藏酋猴（Macaca thibetana）、野猪（Sus scrofa）、小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）和毛冠鹿（Elaphodus cephalophus）。对以上4个物种进行占域模型分析，了解物种占域状况及其影响因素。结果显示，藏酋猴、野猪、小麂和毛冠鹿占域率分别为0.67、0.53、0.37、0.58，探测率分别为0.20、0.21、0.31、0.27。藏酋猴的占域受海拔和坡度的负向影响，受灌木盖度的正向影响；野猪的占域与灌木盖度和坡度呈负相关，与海拔高度呈正相关，但相关性较小；小麂的占域与海拔和灌木盖度呈负相关，其中海拔影响较小，坡度对其占域有一定正向影响；毛冠鹿的占域与灌木盖度呈正相关，与坡度呈负相关。最后笔者进一步总结了占域模型的应用范围及研究中存在的问题，以期将该方法应用于更广泛的研究区域。

关键词: 大中型兽类, 红外相机, 占域模型, 占域率, 探测率, 生境使用

Abstract: The occupancy model can be used for infrared camera research on large and medium-sized mammals. The model is aimed to understand the proportion and spatial distribution of the area occupied by a species or its suitable habitat, and to assess the impact of environmental factors on the species occupancy. In this study, 40 infrared cameras were deployed for monitoring in Fanjingshan and Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserves from April to July 2019, respectively. Subsequently, 22 mammal species within 4 orders and 12 families, and 19 mammal species within 4 orders and 10 families were captured in the two nature reserves, respectively. The survey show that the relative abundance index of large and medium-sized mammals in both the two reserves was higher in the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Reeves' muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus). Furthermore, the occupancy status and influencing factors of the above four species were analyzed by using the occupancy model. The results show that the occupancy rates of the four species were 0.67, 0.53, 0.37, 0.58, and the detection probabilities were 0.20, 0.21, 0.31, 0.27, respectively. The occupancy of Tibetan macaque was negatively affected by elevation and slope, and positively affected by shrub coverage. The wild boar was negatively affected by shrub coverage and slope, but positively affected by elevation. The Reeves' muntjac was negatively correlated with shrub coverage, and slightly with nelevation, but positively affected by slope in some extent. The tufted deer was positively affected by shrub coverage, and negatively affected by slope. Finally, the author further summarized the application scope of the occupancy model and the existing problems in the researches, and it is expected that this method coiuld be widerly applied in thefuture researches.

Key words: large and medium-sized mammals, camera-trapping, occupancy models, occupancy rate, detection probability, habitat use

中图分类号:

万雅琼, 李佳琦, 徐海根, 李晟, 张明明, 刘伟. 贵州梵净山和赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区4种大中型兽类空间占域研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(12): 1609-1615.

WAN Ya-qiong, LI Jia-qi, XU Hai-gen, LI Sheng, ZHANG Ming-ming, LIU Wei. Study on the Spatial Occupancy Behavior of Four Kinds of Large and Medium-Sized Mammals in the Fanjingshan and Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserves, Guizhou, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(12): 1609-1615.

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贵州梵净山和赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区4种大中型兽类空间占域研究

Study on the Spatial Occupancy Behavior of Four Kinds of Large and Medium-Sized Mammals in the Fanjingshan and Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserves, Guizhou, China

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