《生物多样性公约》下有关农药化肥减量化要求及我国的对策建议

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0144

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1129-1136.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0144

• 《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第15次会议（COP15）专题 • 上一篇下一篇

《生物多样性公约》下有关农药化肥减量化要求及我国的对策建议

刘鑫^1,2, 王蕾³, 胡飞龙³, 马月³, 于赐刚³, 卢晓强³, 刘立³, 郑苏平⁴

1. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 辽宁沈阳 110016;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042;
4. 温州市生态环境局苍南分局, 浙江温州 325800

收稿日期:2021-03-11 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-09-18
通讯作者: 刘立, 郑苏平 E-mail:liuli817@126.com;spzheng_1981@126.com
作者简介:刘鑫(1998-),男,四川蓬安人,硕士,主要研究方向为森林培育学。E-mail:liuxin9873@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2018YFC0507201，2020YFC1806305）；国家自然科学基金（41961144022）

Requirements for Reduction of Pesticides and Fertilizers under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Countermeasure Suggestions for China

LIU Xin^1,2, WANG Lei³, HU Fei-long³, MA Yue³, YU Ci-gang³, LU Xiao-qiang³, LIU Li³, ZHENG Su-ping⁴

1. Institute of Applied Ecology, China Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2. University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China;
4. Cangnan Branch of Wenzhou Ecology and Environment Bureau, Wenzhou 325800, China

Received:2021-03-11 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 化肥农药的长期、不合理施用，导致环境污染等一系列连锁反应，引发越来越多缔约方、非政府组织和专家的关注。作为《生物多样性公约》（以下简称《公约》）履约的重要内容之一，化肥农药问题对环境污染、农业生物多样性、可持续供应链、激励措施和主流化等议题具有实践意义。通过系统搜集、对比国内外化肥农药施用现状，梳理与《公约》相关目标的进展及演变进程，深入分析该领域面临的严峻形势及存在问题。在此基础上，提出如下4点建议：（1）建立生态农业生产体系，平衡《公约》3大目标，提升化肥农药利用效率；（2）完善可持续供应链体系，减少供应链过程产生的污染和生物多样性损失；（3）明确我国在2020年实现农药化肥零增长，以及在该领域已不存在不利于生物多样性保护的补贴政策的客观事实；（4）将化肥农药因素纳入国家农业政策，并将其与绿色发展、循环经济等其他部门战略相结合。作为《公约》第十五次缔约方大会（COP15）的东道国和候任主席国，中国将以COP15召开为契机，实现污染与主流化、有害补贴、可持续供应链等重难点议题的协同和有效解决，为"2020年后全球生物多样性框架"的达成奠定基础，也为中国农业可持续转型提供重要支持。

关键词: 主流化, 生物多样性有害补贴, 可持续供应链, 2020年后全球生物多样性框架

Abstract: The long-term and inappropriate utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused a series of chain reactions such as environmental pollution, which has attracted the attention of more and more parties, non-governmental organizations and experts. As one of the important parts of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), addressing the issue of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has implications for related issues in the Convention such as environmental pollution, agricultural biodiversity, sustainable supply chains, incentive measures and mainstreaming. This study systematically collected and compared the data of the current status of the utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides domestically and abroad, sorted out the progress and evolution of the goals and targets related to the Convention, and deeply analyzed the severe situation and existing problems in this field. On this basis, the following four suggestions are put forward:(1) An ecological agricultural production system should be established to achieve the three objectives of the Convention with balance, and improve the efficiency of utilization of the fertilizer and pesticide; (2) The supervision system for the sustainable supply chain should be improved to reduce pollution and biodiversity loss in the supply chain process; (3) It is necessary to clarify that China reached zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers utilization in 2020, and there is no more subsidy policies that are negtive to the conservation of biodiversity in this field; (4) Policies on control of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be included in national agricultural policies, and be combined with other sectoral strategies such as green development and circular economy. As the host country and chair-designate of the Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15) of the Convention, China will take the COP15 as an opportunity to achieve synergy and effective solutions to significant issues such as pollution, mainstreaming, harmful subsidies, sustainable supply chain, so as to lay a foundation for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and provide valuable support for sustainable transformation of China's agriculture.

Key words: mainstreaming, subsidy harmful to biodiversity, sustainable supply chain, Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

中图分类号:

X-01
S-01

刘鑫, 王蕾, 胡飞龙, 马月, 于赐刚, 卢晓强, 刘立, 郑苏平. 《生物多样性公约》下有关农药化肥减量化要求及我国的对策建议[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(9): 1129-1136.

LIU Xin, WANG Lei, HU Fei-long, MA Yue, YU Ci-gang, LU Xiao-qiang, LIU Li, ZHENG Su-ping. Requirements for Reduction of Pesticides and Fertilizers under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Countermeasure Suggestions for China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(9): 1129-1136.

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《生物多样性公约》下有关农药化肥减量化要求及我国的对策建议

Requirements for Reduction of Pesticides and Fertilizers under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Countermeasure Suggestions for China

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