其他基于区域的有效保护措施(OECMs)的机遇、挑战及对策分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0152

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物多样性是人类生存与发展赖以生存的物质基础，为人类提供丰富多样的食物、能源、药品和遗传资源。但受不合理人类活动的影响，生物多样性丧失已成为人类面临的最大风险挑战和威胁之一。从"爱知生物多样性目标"到"2020年后全球生物多样性框架"（以下简称"2020年后框架"），保护地面积比例一直是《生物多样性公约》（以下简称《公约》）最重要的目标之一。其他基于区域的保护措施（OECMs）是国际上的一个新兴的重要议题，成为保护区必不可少的补充，对于推动就地保护工作、促进保护手段的多元化具有十分重要的实践意义。通过系统梳理OECMs的提出、概念形成及发展历程，研究国内外OECMs履约现状，深入辨析OECMs与保护区的区别与联系，揭示OECMs在科学基础、多边磋商和资金投入等领域面临的挑战。在此基础上，从明确识别OECMs的必要性、深入参与OECMs国际规则制定、平衡OECMs科学性与有效性、加强OECMs部门规划与执行等层面，就OECMs履约提出合理化建议，为科学识别符合我国国情的OECMs、支持"2020年后框架"的成果达成奠定基础，也为我国保护地相关目标的实现提供重要支持。

关键词: 保护地, 关键生物多样性区域, 有效管理, 主流化

Abstract: Biodiversity is the material basis for human survival and development, and it provides rich and diverse food, energy, medicine, and genetic resources for humankind. However, affected by anthropogenic activities, biodiversity loss has become one of the most significant risks and threats facing human health and well-being. From the "Aichi Biodiversity Targets" to the "Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework" (hereinafter referred to as the "Post-2020 GBF"), the proportion of protected areas has always been one of the most important and remarkable targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Other area-based protection measures (OECMs) is an emerging international important issue, which has become an indispensable supplement to protected areas, and has important practical significance for promoting in-situ conservation and the diversification of conservation methods. Through collecting materials referring to the original proposal, concept formation, development history, and research progress of OECMs worldwide, the differences and connections between OECMs and protected areas have been analyzed in-depth, and the challenges that OECMs face in the fields of scientific basis, multilateral consultations, and capital investment have been revealed. On this basis, from clearly identifying the necessity of OECMs, deeply participating in the formation of OECMs rules and standards, balancing the scientificity and the effectiveness of OECMs, strengthening department planning and management, suggestions on the implementation of OECMs are put forward in order to scientifically identify the measures in line with China's national conditions, further support the achievement of the Post-2020 GBF, and also provide important support for the realization of protected areas related targets.

Key words: protected area, key biodiversity area, effective management, mainstreaming

中图分类号:

王蕾, 卢晓强, 刘立, 马月, 胡飞龙, 刘燕. 其他基于区域的有效保护措施(OECMs)的机遇、挑战及对策分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(9): 1122-1128.

WANG Lei, LU Xiao-qiang, LIU Li, MA Yue, HU Fei-long, LIU Yan. Opportunities, Challenges and Policy Analysis of Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) for Biodiversity Conservation[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(9): 1122-1128.

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