2000-2020年延安市土壤侵蚀驱动因素分析及生态安全评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0363

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为典型的黄土丘陵沟壑区,延安市的土壤侵蚀严重影响了区域的生态环境安全。采用遥感影像、气象、土地利用以及土壤质地等数据,利用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)和地理探测器模型,定量模拟20 a来延安市土壤侵蚀的动态变化和空间格局,探究土壤侵蚀变化的驱动因素及因子间耦合作用程度。同时从生态服务能力、生态敏感性和生态组织结构3个方面构建生态安全综合评价体系进行评价。结果表明:(1)2000和2020年平均侵蚀量模数分别为9 790.40和4 249.82 t·km^-2·a^-1,土壤侵蚀面积和强度呈双下降趋势,近20 a间退耕还林已显现成效,但子长县、延川县和延长县等东部地区还存在剧烈侵蚀,所以沿黄河流域的区县是目前防范治理的优先区域。(2)地理探测器结果显示,影响研究区土壤侵蚀空间格局分布的主控因素是植被覆盖度,土地利用类型和坡度仅次于主控因素,植被覆盖度与坡度因子的交互协同作用大于各单因子对土壤侵蚀的影响。因此,土壤侵蚀区要结合多种因素进行综合治理和防范。(3)相较于延安市2000年较不安全状态,2020年生态安全水平已经上升至安全状态。生态环境整体状况呈现"总体改善,局部好转"的向好趋势,但并没有达到很安全的理想状态,生态安全水平还有一定的提升潜力。基于上述研究,将延安市分为北部水土流失控制区、南部的水源涵养区和黄河沿岸土壤侵蚀敏感区进行分区防治,研究结果可为开展水土保持规划以及生态环境建设提供科学依据。

关键词: 修正的通用土壤流失方程, 退耕还林, 生态安全评价, 延安市

Abstract: As a typical loess hilly and gully region, the intensity of soil erosion in Yan'an seriously affects the ecological environment security of the region. Based on TM and Landsat images, meteorological data, land use and soil texture data, the dynamic changes and spatial patterns of soil erosion in Yan'an in the 20 years from 2000 to 2020 were quantitatively simulated by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geodetector model. At the same time, from the ecological service capacity, ecological sensitivity and ecological organizational structure, a comprehensive evaluation system for ecological security was built and an evaluation was conducted. The results show that: (1) The average modulus of soil erosion in 2000 and 2020 were 9 790.40 and 4 249.82 t·km^-2·a^-1, respectively, and the area and intensity of soil erosion showed a double decline trend, and the policy of returning farmland to forest has been effective in the 20 years. However, severe erosion still exists in the eastern part of Zichang County, Yanchuan County and Yanchang County, so the area along the Yellow River basin is currently the priority areas for prevention and governance. (2) The results worked out by geographical detectors show that the main control factors that affect the spatial pattern distribution of soil erosion in the study area is vegetation coverage, followed by the factors of land use type and slope, and the interaction and synergy between vegetation coverage and slope factor is greater than the effect of each single factor on soil erosion. Therefore, the soil erosion area should be comprehensively controlled and prevented by combined consideration on various factors. (3) Compared with the less safe ecological status of Yan'an in 2000, the level of ecological security had been improved to a safe status in 2020. The overall situation of ecological security is showing a trend of overall improvement, partial optimization, but it has not reached to the ideal status of very safe, and the level of ecological security still has a certain potential for improvement. Based on the above research, Yan'an City could be divided into soil erosion control area in the north, water conservation area in the south and the soil erosion sensitive area along the Yellow River, which can provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation planning and ecological environment construction.

Key words: revised universal soil loss equation, returning farmland to forest, ecological security evaluation, Yan'an City

中图分类号:

S157.1

周璐红, 王盼婷, 曹瑞超. 2000-2020年延安市土壤侵蚀驱动因素分析及生态安全评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(4): 511-520.

ZHOU Lu-hong, WANG Pan-ting, CAO Rui-chao. Soil Erosion Driving Factors and Ecological Security Evaluation for Yan'an City from 2000 to 2020[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(4): 511-520.

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