基于农户受偿意愿的退耕还林生态补偿研究

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态补偿是激励农户参与退耕还林的有效措施，农户受偿意愿则是其参与退耕还林的真实心理预期反映。在两轮退耕还林交错期研究农户的退耕还林生态补偿意愿对于工程的有效开展和可持续发展有着重要意义。基于2017年8月面对面访谈获得的398份有效农户问卷数据，运用双边界二分式条件价值评估法研究了宁夏泾源县农户参与退耕还林的受偿意愿及影响因素。研究结果表明：87.2%的受访农户愿参与退耕还林，且平均最小受偿意愿为3 180元·hm^-2；补偿方式的选择上，68.8%的受访农户选择现金补偿，且补偿方式的选择具有明显的年龄差异性，即年长农户倾向于现金补偿，而年轻农户更倾向于低息小额贷款、技术培训及工作机会；显著影响农户受偿意愿的因素是文化程度、家庭是否有长期疾病患者及对退耕补偿是否满意，前两者呈显著负相关，而后者呈正相关关系。激励农户参与退耕还林，应在加强政策宣传引导的同时适当调整退耕还林补偿标准和补偿方式。

关键词: 退耕还林, 双边界二分式条件价值评估法, 生态补偿, 受偿意愿

Abstract:

Ecological compensation can help motivate farmers to participate in the Grain for Green Project (GGP). For farmers, the willingness to accept (WTA) reflects their rational anticipations of the program. The investigation on the willingness of the farmers to accept compensation should be focused on the overlapping period of the GGP and the new round of GGP. This is owing to the fact that it is very important to the sustainable development of the program. Face-to-face interviews with households were used to obtain data in Jingyuan County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region located in the middle of Yellow River basin, and the survey received 398 valid questionnaires in August 2017. Based on these data, a logistic model of double-bounded dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method (CVM) was applied to evaluate farmers' WTA and its influence factors. The results showed that with appropriate economic compensation, 87.2% of the surveyed households were willing to participate in the GGP, and their minimum WTA was 3 180 yuan·hm^-2. There was also a relationship between compensation pattern selection of farmers and their age. Furthermore, 68.8% of respondents willing to obtain cash compensation had an average age of 54. Meanwhile, there were 10.9% and 7% of interviewees with a median age of 49 who preferred technical training programs and low-interest loans, respectively, and job offers were popular by 13.3% of peasants with the average age of 44. At the same time, farmers' willingness was negatively correlated with their education and the medical costs of their families, but positively correlated with the satisfaction of subsidy for GGP. Based on the study, suitable adjustment of compensation standard and patterns, as well as effective policy advocacy, should be strengthened in the future to make more farmers positively and voluntarily participate in the GGP.

Key words: Grain for Green Project, double-bounded dichotomous-choice CVM, ecological compensation, willingness to accept

中图分类号:

F326.20

皮泓漪, 张萌雪, 夏建新. 基于农户受偿意愿的退耕还林生态补偿研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(10): 903-909.

PI Hong-yi, ZHANG Meng-xue, XIA Jian-xin. The Ecological Compensation of the Grain for Green Project Based on Farmers' Willingness to Accept[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(10): 903-909.

参考文献

[1] HE J,RONG L.Limits of State-Lead Programs of Payment for Ecosystem Services:Field Evidence From the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Southwest China[J].Human Ecology,2015,43(5):749-758.
[2] LIU J G,LU S X,OUYANG Z Y,et al.Ecological and Socioeconomic Effects of China's Policies for Ecosystem Services[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(28):9477-9482.
[3] BENNETT M T.China's Sloping Land Conversion Program:Institutional Innovation or Business as Usual[J].Ecological Economics,2008,65(4):699-711.
[4] YIN R S,LIU C,ZHAO M J,et al.The Implementation and Impacts of China's Largest Payment for Ecosystem Services Program as Revealed by Longitudinal Household Data[J].Land Use Policy,2014,40:45-55.
[5] 王小龙.退耕还林:私人承包与政府规制[J].经济研究,2004(4):107-116.[WANG Xiao-long.The Cropland Conversion:Contracting out and Public Regulation[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(4):107-116.]
[6] LI H,YAO S B,YIN R S,et al.Assessing the Decadal Impact of China's Sloping Land Conversion Program on Household Income Under Enrollment and Earning Differentiation[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2015,61:95-103.
[7] 秦艳红,康慕谊.基于机会成本的农户参与生态建设的补偿标准:以吴起县农户参与退耕还林为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(12):65-68.[QIN Yan-hong,KANG Mu-yi.Study on Ecological Compensation of Farmers Taking Part in Ecological Construction Based on Opportunity Cost:A Case Study of Farmers Returning Farmland to Forest in Wuqi County[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(12):65-68.]
[8] 王正淑,王继军,刘佳.基于碳汇的县南沟流域退耕林地补偿标准研究[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):779-788.[WANG Zheng-shu,WANG Ji-jun,LIU Jia.Study on the Compensation Standard of Returning Farmland to Forest in Xiannanggou Watershed From the Perspective of Carbon Sink[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(5):779-788.]
[9] 韩洪云,喻永红.退耕还林生态补偿研究:成本基础、接受意愿抑或生态价值标准[J].农业经济问题,2014(4):64-72.
[10] 徐建英,柳文华,常静,等.基于农户响应的北方农牧交错带生态改善策略[J].生态学报,2010,30(22):6126-6134.[XU Jian-ying,LIU Wen-hua,CHANG Jing,et al.Exploring Strategies About Ecological Improvement Based on Local Responses in Northern Agro-Pastoral Ecotone[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(22):6126-6134.]
[11] 冯琳,徐建英,邸敬涵.三峡生态屏障区农户退耕受偿意愿的调查分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(5):938-944.[FENG Lin,XU Jian-ying,DI Jing-han.Household's Willingness to Accept About Conversion of Farmland Into Forest Program in Ecological Barrier Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(5):938-944.]
[12] 喻永红.基于CVM法的农户保持退耕还林的接受意愿研究:以重庆万州为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):65-70.[YU Yong-hong.Farmers' Willingness to Accept for Maintaining the Grain for Green:An Empirical Analysis Based on Wanzhou District in Chongqing[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(4):65-70.]
[13] 王一超,郝海广,翟瑞雪,等.农户退耕还林生态补偿预期及其影响因素:以哈巴湖自然保护区和六盘山自然保护区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(8):69-75.[WANG Yi-chao,HAO Hai-guang,ZHAI Rui-xue,et al.Determinants of Farm Households' Ecological Compensation Expectation to the Grain for Green Project:An Empirical Analysis Based on Haba Lake National Nature Reserve and Liupanshan Mountain National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(8):69-75.]
[14] 查爱苹,邱洁威,后智钢.基于双边界二分式条件价值法的杭州西湖风景名胜区旅游资源非使用价值评估[J].生态科学,2017,36(2):135-143.[ZHA Ai-ping,QIU Jie-wei,HOU Zhi-gang.Non-Use Value Assessment of Tourism Resource Based on Double Bound Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method for Hangzhou West Lake Beauty Spot[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(2):135-143.]
[15] 陈红光,王秋丹,李晨洋.支付意愿引导技术:支付卡式、单边界二分式和双边界二分式的比较:以三江平原生态旅游水资源的非使用价值为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2709-2715.[CHEN Hong-guang,WANG Qiu-dan,LI Chen-yang.WTP Guidance Technology:A Comparison of Payment Card,Single-Bounded and Double-Bounded Dichotomous Formats for Evaluating Non-Use Values of Sanjiang Plain Ecotourism Water Resources[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(9):2709-2715.]
[16] SHYAMSUNDAR P,KRAMER R A.Tropical Forest Protection:An Empirical Analysis of the Costs Borne by Local People[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1996,31(2):129-144.
[17] LINDHJEM H,MITANI Y.Forest Owners' Willingness to Accept Compensation for Voluntary Conservation:A Contingent Valuation Approach[J].Journal of Forest Economics,2012,18(4):290-302.
[18] 么相姝,金如委,侯光辉.基于双边界二分式CVM的天津七里海湿地农户生态补偿意愿研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(5):396-402.[YAO Xiang-shu,JIN Ru-wei,HOU Guang-hui.Willingness of the Local Farmers to Accept Ecological Compensation in Qilihai Wetland[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(5):396-402.]
[19] HANEMANN W M.Welfare Evaluations in Contingent Valuation Experiments With Discrete Responses:Reply[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1987,69(1):185-186.
[20] 唐建,沈田华,彭珏.基于双边界二分式CVM法的耕地生态价值评价:以重庆市为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(1):207-215.[TANG Jian,SHEN Tian-hua,PENG Jue.Appraisal of the Ecological Value of Cultivated Land Based on Double-Bounded Contingent Valuation Methods[J].Resource Science,2013,35(1):207-215.]
[21] 王一超,郝海广,翟瑞雪,等.自然保护区农户参与生态补偿的意愿及其影响因素[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):895-900.[WANG Yi-chao,HAO Hai-guang,ZHAI Rui-xue,et al.Willingness of Farm Households in National Nature Reserves to Participate in Ecological Compensation and Its Affecting Factors[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(6):895-900.]
[22] 刘燕,董耀.后退耕时代农户退耕还林意愿影响因素[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):131-138.[LIU Yan,DONG Yao.Factors Influencing Farmers Willingness to Participate in Grain for Green Project in the Post-Program Era[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(2):131-138.]