高山生态系统鸡形目鸟类群落的时空动态及生境选择:以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0480

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 319-326.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0480

高山生态系统鸡形目鸟类群落的时空动态及生境选择:以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为例

杨楠¹, 王彬², 程跃红³, 钟雪², 冯茜³, 胡强³, 金义国³

1. 西南民族大学青藏高原研究院, 四川成都 610041;
2. 西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637002;
3. 四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局, 四川汶川 623006

收稿日期:2021-08-07 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-23
通讯作者: 王彬,E-mail:wangbin513@cwnu.edu.cn;程跃红,E-mail:CYH8155@163.com E-mail:wangbin513@cwnu.edu.cn;CYH8155@163.com
作者简介:杨楠(1982-),男,内蒙古科尔沁人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事野生动物保护与管理研究工作。E-mail:yangnan0204@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（32000354）；2021年国家重点生态功能区转移支付禁止开发区补助项目；西华师范大学基本科研业务费项目（17E075，18B028）

Spatio-temporal Dynamic and Habitat Selection of Galliformes in the Alpine Ecosystem: Case Study from Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

YANG Nan¹, WANG Bin², CHENG Yue-hong³, ZHONG Xue², FENG Xi³, HU Qiang³, JIN Yi-guo³

1. Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China;
3. Wolong National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan 623006, China

Received:2021-08-07 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鸡形目鸟类是全球受胁程度最高的动物类群之一。中国横断山脉地区的高山生态系统条件恶劣且气候严苛，分布着多样性极高的鸡形目鸟类，了解其群落结构时空动态对于群落保护至关重要。以横断山脉东缘的四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为研究区域，于2019年5月至2021年1月在海拔3 500~4 800 m的高山生态系统建立109个红外相机位点对鸡形目鸟类进行监测，共覆盖72个网格（1 km×1 km），累计监测33 759个相机日。结果表明，（1）保护区高山生态系统鸡形目鸟类群落由9个物种组成，特有种和国家重点保护物种比例高，具有重要保护价值。绿尾虹雉（Lophophorus lhuysii）、雪鹑（Lerwa lerwa）和血雉（Ithaginis cruentus）相对多度较高，是群落中的数量优势种。（2）鸡形目鸟类群落结构时空动态明显。物种丰富度和总相对多度在灌丛生境和3 500~4 000 m海拔段最高，繁殖季（4-7月）相对多度远高于非繁殖季（8月-翌年3月）。（3）不同物种有不同生境选择偏好，雪鹑显著选择上位坡；血雉显著选择低海拔和灌丛生境，回避流石滩生境；藏雪鸡（Tetraogallus tibetanus）显著选择高海拔和流石滩生境，拒绝灌丛生境；绿尾虹雉未表现出显著选择性，可利用各类生境资源。（4）保护区梯子沟和银厂沟是鸡形目鸟类重要分布区。位于梯子沟和银厂沟的网格监测到较高的物种丰富度和相对多度。基于研究结果，建议将绿尾虹雉设为重要保护对象，并重点关注对3 500~4 000 m海拔段灌丛生境的保护和管理；将梯子沟和银厂沟作为鸡形目鸟类优先保护区域，促进区域高山生态系统鸡形目鸟类群落的整体保护。

关键词: 鸡形目, 红外相机, 群落动态, 相对多度, 生境选择, 四川卧龙国家级自然保护区

Abstract: Order Galliformes is one of the most threatened animal taxa worldwide. Despite the harsh environment and climate conditions, the alpine ecosystems of Hengduan Mountains support rich diversity of Galliformes. Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of Galliformes in the alpine ecosystems and species' habitat selection is crucial for effective conservation. In this study, 109 infrared cameras were positioned at altitude from 3 500 m to 4 800 m, covering 72 grids (1 km×1 km) to monitor alpine Galliformes species in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province from May of 2019 to January of 2021. The monitoring involved effort of a total of 33 759 trap days. The results show that:(1) There were 9 Galliform species in alpine ecosystems, with high proportion of endemic and protected species, and Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii), snow partridge (Lerwa lerwa) and blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) dominated this community with higher relative abundances. (2) Both species richness and relative abundance of alpine Galliformes were greater in shrubs with the altitudinal range from 3 500 m to 4 000 m, while relative abundance of all the species were much higher during breeding seasons (from April to July) than during non-breeding seasons (from August to March). (3) Snow partridge select preferentially habitats at upper slopes, blood pheasant prefer shrubs with lower altitudes and avoided tundra, and Tibetan snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus) prefer higher altitude and tundra habitats while avoiding shrubs, while Chinese monal have no significant habitat preference. (4) Species richness and relative abundance were the highest in the monitored grids in Tizigou and Yinchanggou, indicating these areas are important areas for Galliformes species' distribution throughout the Wolong National Nature Reserve. Given remarkable conservation value of alpine Galliformes in Wolong National Nature Reserve. It is advised that:(1) to consider Chinese monal as a key conservation species in alpine ecosystems and focus on the protective management of shrubs at an elevation of 3 500-4 000 m, (2) to treat Tizigou and Yinchanggou as priority areas for regional Galliformes conservation.

Key words: Galliformes, infrared camera, community dynamic, relative abundance, habitat selection, Sichuan Wolong National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

杨楠, 王彬, 程跃红, 钟雪, 冯茜, 胡强, 金义国. 高山生态系统鸡形目鸟类群落的时空动态及生境选择:以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(3): 319-326.

YANG Nan, WANG Bin, CHENG Yue-hong, ZHONG Xue, FENG Xi, HU Qiang, JIN Yi-guo. Spatio-temporal Dynamic and Habitat Selection of Galliformes in the Alpine Ecosystem: Case Study from Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(3): 319-326.

参考文献

[1] TIAN S,XU J L,LI J Q,et al.Research Advances of Galliformes since 1990 and Future Prospects[J].Avian Research,2018,9(1):1-13.
[2] SANTAMARÍA M,FRANCO A M.Frugivory of Salvin's Curassow in a Rainforest of the Colombian Amazon[J].The Wilson Bulletin,2000,112(4):473-481.
[3] LU X.Summer-autumn Habitat Use by Galliformes in a Primary Forest,Southeastern Tibet[J].Chinese Birds,2012,3(2):113-117.
[4] HENNACHE A.A Review of Captive Galliformes in European Zoos[J].International Journal of Galliformes Conservation,2009,1:23-28.
[5] PETERS J,LEBRASSEUR O,DENG H,et al.Holocene Cultural History of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) and Its Domestic Descendant in East Asia[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2016,142:102-119.
[6] ZHOU C F,XU J L,ZHANG Z W.Dramatic Decline of the Vulnerable Reeves's Pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii,Endemic to Central China[J].Oryx,2015,49(3):529-534.
[7] IUCN.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species[DB/OL].Version 2020-2.[2021-08-06].https://www.iucnredlist.org.
[8] DIRNBÖCK T,ESSL F,RABITSCH W.Disproportional Risk for Habitat Loss of High-altitude Endemic Species under Climate Change[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(2):990-996.
[9] ESSL F,STAUDINGER M,STÖHR O,et al.Distribution Patterns,Range Size and Niche Breadth of Austrian Endemic Plants[J].Biological Conservation,2009,142(11):2547-2558.
[10] CAI T L,FJELDSÅ J,WU Y J,et al.What Makes the Sino-himalayan Mountains the Major Diversity Hotspots for Pheasants?[J].Journal of Biogeography,2018,45(3):640-651.
[11] O'BRIEN T G,KINNAIRD M F.A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words:The Application of Camera Trapping to the Study of Birds[J].Bird Conservation International,2008,18(Suppl. 1):S144-S162.
[12] LI S,MCSHEA W J,WANG D J,et al.The Use of Infrared-triggered Cameras for Surveying Phasianids in Sichuan Province,China[J].IBIS,2010,152(2):299-309.
[13] 徐雨,张凯,窦亮,等.繁殖期黄喉雉鹑在景观尺度上的生境选择[J].生态学报,2021,41(8):3248-3254.[XU Yu,ZHANG Kai,DOU Liang,et al.Landscape-scale Habitat Selection by Buff-throated Partridges Tetraophasis szechenyii during the Breeding Season[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2021,41(8):3248-3254.]
[14] 唐卓,杨建,刘雪华,等.利用红外相机研究卧龙国家级自然保护区绿尾虹雉的活动规律[J].四川动物,2017,36(5):582-587.[TANG Zhuo,YANG Jian,LIU Xue-hua,et al.Activity Pattern of Lophophorus lhuysii by Camera-trapping in Wolong National Nature Reserve,China[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2017,36(5):582-587.]
[15] LUO G,YANG C M,ZHOU H M,et al.Habitat Use and Diel Activity Pattern of the Tibetan Snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus):A Case Study Using Camera Traps for Surveying High-elevation Bird Species[J].Avian Research,2019,10(1):1-9.
[16] 李晟,王大军,卜红亮,等.四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查[J].兽类学报,2016,36(3):282-291.[LI Sheng,WANG Da-jun,BU Hong-liang,et al.Camera-trapping Survey on the Mammal Diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2016,36(3):282-291.]
[17] 施小刚,胡强,李佳琦,等.利用红外相机调查四川卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性[J].生物多样性,2017,25(10):1131-1136.
[18] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017:5-16.[ZHENG Guang-mei.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2017:5-16.]
[19] 郑光美.中国雉类[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015:5.[ZHENG Guang-mei.Pheasants in China[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2015:5.]
[20] 蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551,615.
[21] 孙佳欣,李佳琦,万雅琼,等.四川9种有蹄类动物夏秋季活动节律研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(11):1003-1009.[SUN Jia-xin,LI Jia-qi,WAN Ya-qiong,et al.Study on the Activity Rhythms of Nine Ungulates in Summer and Autumn in Sichuan[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(11):1003-1009.]
[22] 陈立军,肖文宏,肖治术.物种相对多度指数在红外相机数据分析中的应用及局限[J].生物多样性,2019,27(3):243-248.[CHEN Li-jun,XIAO Wen-hong,XIAO Zhi-shu,et al.Limitations of Relative Abundance Indices Calculated from Camera-trapping Data[J].Biodiversity Science,2019,27(3):243-248.]
[23] ENGELS B.Package ‘XNomial’:Exact Goodness-of-fit Test for Multinomial Data with Fixed Probabilities[Z/OL].Version 1.0.4.[2021-08-01].http://cran.r-project.org/web/package/xnomial/.
[24] 韦华,何晓安,杨建.四川卧龙国家级自然保护区的鸟类多样性[J].四川动物,2021,40(4):451-468.[WEI Hua,HE Xiao-an,YANG Jian.Bird Diversity of the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2021,40(4):451-468.]
[25] 胡茜茜,郑维超,李佳琦,等.四姑娘山国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性初步调查[J].生物多样性,2018,26(12):1325-1331.
[26] 陈星,胡茜茜,刘明星,等.四川米亚罗省级自然保护区鸟兽多样性红外相机监测初报[J].兽类学报,2020,40(6):634-645.[CHEN Xing,HU Xi-xi,LIU Ming-xing,et al.Preliminary Report of Camera Trapping Survey for Mammals and Birds in Miyaluo Provincial Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2020,40(6):634-645.]
[27] 李桂垣,张清茂,罗家泽,等.喇叭河自然保护区的鸟类调查[J].四川动物,1994,13(2):57-61.
[28] WANG B,XU Y,RAN J.Predicting Suitable Habitat of the Chinese Monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) Using Ecological Niche Modeling in the Qionglai Mountains,China[J].PeerJ,2017,5:e3477.
[29] 何芬奇,卢汰春,芦春雷,等.绿尾虹雉的繁殖生态研究[J].生态学报,1986,6(2):186-192.[HE Fen-qi,LU Tai-chun,LU Chun-lei,et al.Study on the Breeding Ecology of the Chinese Monal[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1986,6(2):186-192.]
[30] BRANTON M,RICHARDSON J S.Assessing the Value of the Umbrella-species Concept for Conservation Planning with Meta-analysis[J].Conservation Biology,2011,25(1):9-20.
[31] JIA F,WANG N,ZHENG G M.Winter Habitat Requirements of White Eared-pheasant Crossoptilon crossoptilon and Blood Pheasant Ithaginis cruentus in South-west China[J].Bird Conservation International,2005,15(3):303-312.
[32] 普布,扎西朗杰,拉多,等.藏雪鸡(Tetraogallus tibetanus)冬季活动规律及觅食地的选择[J].西藏大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):1-6.[PU Bu,ZHA Xilangjie,LA Duo,et al.Study on Behavior and Feeding Site Selection of Tibetan Snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus) during the Winter[J].Journal of Tibet University (Natural Science Edition),2011,26(2):1-6.]
[33] 姚红艳.雪鹑栖息地选择及与藏雪鸡栖息地的比较[D].北京:北京林业大学,2017.[YAO Hong-yan.Habitat Selection of Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) and Its Habitat Comparion with Tibetan Snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2017.]
[34] 格玛嘉措,董德福,龙文祥.白马鸡生态习性的初步观察[J].动物学杂志,1999,34(1):26-28.

高山生态系统鸡形目鸟类群落的时空动态及生境选择:以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为例

Spatio-temporal Dynamic and Habitat Selection of Galliformes in the Alpine Ecosystem: Case Study from Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 7

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	曾锦源, 胡洁, 宋景舒, 万雅琼, 郭志宏, 宋森, 李佳琦. 宁夏六盘山国家级自然保护区林下鸟兽多样性调查[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(2): 209-216.
[2]	王秦, 何玉晓, 可灿, 李真, 陈卓, 王秋亚, 徐海根, 刘文明, 陈晓虹. 江西寻乌样区两栖动物多样性的时空格局分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 201-207.
[3]	万雅琼, 李佳琦, 徐海根, 李晟, 张明明, 刘伟. 贵州梵净山和赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区4种大中型兽类空间占域研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(12): 1609-1615.
[4]	孙佳欣, 李佳琦, 万雅琼, 李晟, 官天培, 王杰, 夏万才, 徐海根. 四川9种有蹄类动物夏秋季活动节律研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(11): 1003-1009.
[5]	李佳琦, 徐海根, 万雅琼, 孙佳欣, 李晟, 蔡蕾. 全国哺乳动物多样性观测网络(China BON-Mammals)建设进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(1): 12-19.
[6]	马鸣, 徐峰, Bariushaa Munkhtsog, 吴逸群, Tomas McCarthy, Kyle McCarthy. 新疆雪豹种群密度监测方法探讨[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2011, 27(1): 79-83.
[7]	陈化鹏, 李枫. 野生草食动物营养生态学研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 1991, 7(2): 45-50.