林下草地放牧河田鸡对林地土壤化学性状和微生物菌群的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1186

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 福建省长汀县地方家禽良种河田鸡长期以林下放牧为主,但传统的林下高密度、连续放牧方式会对生态环境造成破坏,因此开展放牧时间、放牧方式对林地土壤理化性状及微生物菌群影响的研究,以期明确河田鸡适宜的放牧时间及放牧方式。采用常规化学性状分析方法及16S rDNA测序,对林下自然生草(A组)、林下人工种草(B组)2种放牧方式及3种放牧时间条件下放牧结束后的林地土壤进行化学性状和微生物多样性的测定分析。结果显示,土壤化学性状受放牧方式的影响较大,B组土壤SOM、TN、AP、AK、NO₃^--N与NH₄⁺-N含量均显著高于A组;随着放牧时间增加,A组与B组土壤SOM和AK含量呈逐渐增加趋势,AP含量呈先上升后下降趋势,在60 d时表现出最高值,NO₃^--N与NH₄⁺-N含量表现出下降趋势。A组土壤微生物多样性指数菌种丰富度指数、香农威纳多样性指数与辛普森多样性指数受放牧时间影响较大,B组变化幅度不明显。A组优势菌群为放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门,B组优势菌群为芽单胞菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门。研究结果表明,林下人工种草放牧60 d,土壤化学性状因子相对含量较高,微生物多样性较丰富,且以芽单胞菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门等菌群为主。

关键词: 放牧方式, 放牧时间, 土壤化学性状, 土壤微生物多样性

Abstract: The local poultry breed-Hetian chicken has been grazing mainly under forest for a long time in Changting County. However, the traditional high-density and continuous grazing model under the forest causes damage to the ecological environment. In this paper, the influence of grazing time and grazing model on soil physic-chemical properties and bacterial colonies in forest was studied, and the appropriate grazing time and model of Hetian chicken have been found out. The regular chemical analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to determine the chemical characteristics and microbial diversity of grazing on natural grass (group A) and artificial grass (group B) in the forest land during 3 different grazing time periods. The results show that the soil chemical traits were significantly influenced by grazing methods. The soil SOM, TN, AP, AK, NO₃-N and NH₄⁺-N contents in group B were extreme significantly higher than those in group A. The soil SOM and AK contents in group A and B were gradually increasing. AP contents increased firstly and then decreased, reached the highest point at 60 d, while NO₃-N and NH₄⁺-N contents showed a decreasing trend with the grazing time. Soil microbial diversity indexes Chao1, Shannon and Simpson in group A were greatly influenced by grazing time, while the changes in group B was not obvious. The dominant bacterial colonies of group A were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes, and those of group B were Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria. The results show that grazing on artificial grass under forest for 60 d, the chemical contents are relatively high and the microbial diversity is relatively rich, and the dominant bacterial colonies were Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria and Acidibacteria. The results of this study could provide reference for sustainably maintaining and protecting the soil ecological environment.

Key words: grazing model, grazing time, soil chemical characteristics, soil bacterial diversity

中图分类号:

X833

高承芳, 陈冬金, 辛清武, 应朝阳. 林下草地放牧河田鸡对林地土壤化学性状和微生物菌群的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(12): 1601-1609.

GAO Cheng-fang, CHEN Dong-jin, XIN Qing-wu, YING Zhao-yang. Effects of Hetian-chicken Grazing in Artificial Grass under Forest on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Microbial Flora[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(12): 1601-1609.

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