工程纳米材料抵抗作物病害的研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0105

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 纳米技术有望在一定程度上缓解因人口增长带来的粮食危机,纳米级农化品(纳米肥料和纳米农药)展现出的缓释和高效低剂量特性减少了传统农用化学品带来的不利环境影响。该研究着重介绍了工程纳米材料(ENMs)通过直接和间接方式防治作物病害的内在机理,重点阐述了ENMs通过调控植物营养、诱导抗氧化酶活性和改善植物光合作用的方式来抵抗病原入侵对植物造成的氧化胁迫;同时,研究亦指出ENMs能够通过诱导植物产生系统获得抗性(SAR)的方式增强植物的抗病能力。对ENMs抗病机理的深入探究能够有效提高植物病害管理,实现作物产量和质量的增加,并极大程度减轻传统农药化学品对农业生态环境的负面影响。

关键词: 工程纳米材料, 植物病害, 系统获得性抗性, 抗氧化防御系统, 光合作用

Abstract: Nanotechnology is expected to alleviate the food crisis caused by population growth to a certain extent, and the slow-release, high-efficiency and low-dose properties of nano-scale agrochemicals (e.g. nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides) reduce negative environmental impacts caused by traditional agricultural chemicals. This review article focuses on the intrinsic mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to control crop diseases through direct and indirect pathways. The article focuses on ENMs to resist oxidative stress caused by pathogen invasion in plants by regulating plant nutrition, inducing antioxidant enzyme activity and improving plant photosynthesis. In addition, it is also demonstrated that ENMs induced plant systematic acquired resistance (SAR) to enhance their disease resistance. In conclusion, an in-depth exploration of the disease resistance mechanism of ENMs can effectively improve plant disease management, achieve an increase in crop yield and quality, and greatly reduce the negative impact of traditional agrochemicals on the agro-ecological environment.

Key words: engineering nanomaterials, plant diseases, systematic acquired resistance, antioxidant defense system, photosynthesis

中图分类号:

X592

孙敏, 郝毅, 许鑫鑫, 商和平, 马传鑫. 工程纳米材料抵抗作物病害的研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(2): 157-167.

SUN Min, HAO Yi, XU Xin-xin, SHANG He-ping, MA Chuan-xin. Research Progress of Engineered Nanomaterials against Crop Diseases[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(2): 157-167.

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