外来入侵植物美洲商陆提取物的化感活性

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 139-145.doi:

外来入侵植物美洲商陆提取物的化感活性

闫小红, 张蓓玲, 周兵, 王宁, 杨佳琴

井冈山大学生命科学学院

收稿日期:2011-08-19 修回日期:2011-10-26 出版日期:2012-03-25 发布日期:2012-03-27
通讯作者: 周兵井冈山大学生命科学学院 E-mail:zhoubing113@126.com
作者简介:闫小红（1977-），女，内蒙古赤峰人，实验师，硕士，主要从事植物生理生态学方面的研究。E-mail:yanxiaohong325@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30860054);江西省教育厅科技计划(GJJ09592);井冈山大学博士科研启东项目(JZB11028);井冈山大学大学生创新性实验项目

Allelopathic Activities of the Extracts From Phytolacca americana——An Invasive Alien Plant

YAN Xiao-Hong, ZHANG Bei-Ling, ZHOU Bing, WANG Ning, YANG Jia-Qin

School of Life Sciences,Jinggangshan University

Received:2011-08-19 Revised:2011-10-26 Online:2012-03-25 Published:2012-03-27
Contact: ZHOU Bing School of Life Sciences,Jinggangshan University E-mail:zhoubing113@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了外来入侵植物美洲商陆（Phytolacca americana）提取物对黄花草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）、大白菜（Brassica pekinensis）、北美车前（Plantago virginica）和马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）4种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，1000 ~ 4000、4000和2000~4000 μg·mL^-1美洲商陆醇提取物分别对大白菜、北美车前和马唐种子萌发率具有显著抑制作用，1000 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对马唐种子萌发率也具有显著抑制作用，最大抑制率分别为32.22%、46.56%、32.69%和28.57%。250 ~ 500 μg·mL^-1醇提取物和250~4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对黄花草木樨幼苗根长，250 ~ 1000 μg·mL^-1醇提取物和250 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对黄花草木樨幼苗苗高，以及500 μg·mL^-1水提取物对黄花草木樨幼苗干质量均具有显著促进作用，最大促进率分别为21.32%、37.89%、12.94%、32.07%和18.81%。1000 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1醇提取物和4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对大白菜幼苗根长，2000 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1醇提取物和水提取物对大白菜幼苗苗高，4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对大白菜幼苗干质量具有显著抑制作用，最大抑制率分别为37.00%、20.95%、25.63%、22.30%和13.67%。250 ~ 1000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对北美车前幼苗根长，250 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对北美车前苗高具有显著促进作用，而1000 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1醇提取物对北美车前幼苗根长，4000 μg·mL^-1醇提取物对北美车前苗高和干质量具有显著抑制作用，最大抑制率分别为58.06%、29.72%和18.36%。500 ~ 4000 、1000 ~ 4000 和2000 ~ 4000 μg·mL^-1醇提取物分别对马唐幼苗根长、苗高及干质量， 4000 μg·mL^-1水提取物对马唐幼苗根长具有显著抑制作用，最大抑制率分别为70.31%、44.65%、42.43%和35.50%。由此可见，美洲商陆对大白菜、北美车前和马唐种子萌发和幼苗生长具有较强的化感抑制作用，对入侵植物黄花草木樨具有化感促进作用，这些都直接或间接地增强了美洲商陆的入侵性。

关键词: 美洲商陆, 提取物, 化感活性, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长

Abstract: Effects of extracts from Phytolacca americana,an invasive alien plant,on seed germination and seedling growth of Melilotus officinalis,Brassica pekinensis,Plantago virginica,and Digitaria sanguinalis were investigated in laboratory.Results show that ethanolic extract from the plant 1000-4000,4000,and 2000-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration significantly inhibited seed germination of B.pekinensis,P.virginica,and D.sanguinalis,respectively,and water extract 1000-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration also did significantly that of D.sanguinalis with the highest inhibition rates being 32.22%,46.56%,32.69%,and 28.57%,respectively.The ethanolic extract 250-500 μg·mL^-1in concentration and the water extract 250-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration increased root length of M.officinalis seedlings and both the ethanolic extract 250-1000 μg·mL^-1in concentration and water extract 250-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration promoted growth of the seedling in height,and the water extract 500 μg·mL^-1in concentration increased significantly dry weight of the seedlings,with the highest promotion rates being 21.32%,37.89%,12.94%,32.07%,and 18.81%,respectively.The ethanolic extract 1000-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration and the water extract 4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration both inhibited growth of B.pekinensis roots in length;both the ethanolic and water extracts 2000-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration did the plants in height,and the water extract 4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration did seedling dry weight of the plant,too,with the highest inhibition rates being 37.00%,20.95%,25.63%,22.30%,and 13.67%,respectively.The water extract 250-1000 μg·mL^-1in concentration significantly promoted seedling root length of P.virginica,and 250-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration it did seedling height,too,but the ethanolic extract 1000-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration significantly inhibited growth of its root in length,and 4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration it did seedling height and dry weight of the seedlings,with the highest inhibition rates being 58.06%,29.72%,adn 18.36%,respectively.The ethanolic extract 500-4000,1000-4000 and 2000-4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration inhibited the seedlings of D.sanguinalis in root length,height and dry weight,respectively,and the water extract 4000 μg·mL^-1in concentration did the seedlings in root length,with the highest inhibition rates being 70.31%,44.65%,42.43%,and 35.50%,respectively.Obviously,P.americana has a strong effect of allelopathic inhibition on seed germination and seedling growth of B.pekinensis,P.virginica and D.sanguinalis,but an effect of allelopathic promotion on invasive plant M.officinalis,which directly or indirectly strengthens its invasiveness.

Key words: Phytolacca americana, extract, allelopathic activity, seed germination, seedling growth

中图分类号:

Q948
S45

闫小红, 张蓓玲, 周兵, 王宁, 杨佳琴. 外来入侵植物美洲商陆提取物的化感活性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(2): 139-145.

YAN Xiao-Hong, ZHANG Bei-Ling, ZHOU Bing, WANG Ning, YANG Jia-Qin. Allelopathic Activities of the Extracts From Phytolacca americana——An Invasive Alien Plant[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2012, 28(2): 139-145.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.ere.ac.cn/CN/

http://www.ere.ac.cn/CN/Y2012/V28/I2/139

[1]	谭美, 杨志玲, 杨旭, 程小燕, 李公荣, 马文明. 不同生境内厚朴种子萌发和幼苗生长研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(10): 910-916.
[2]	倪天驰,周长芳,朱洪光,周飞,李祎涵,胡楚琦. 沼液浸种对水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(4): 594-599.
[3]	杨阳, 曹昀, 张素娟. 水分条件对灰化苔草根茎萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(2): 180-187.
[4]	徐玲玲, 雷耘, 汪正祥. 枫杨种子和幼苗对地下水位及埋藏深度的响应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(1): 49-52.
[5]	张永清, 刘凤兰, 贾蕊, 解晓瑜. La(NO₃)₃浸种对盐碱胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2009, 25(4): 12-18.
[6]	向言词, 冯涛, 彭秀花, 姚国钦. 利用美洲商陆修复锰尾渣污染土壤对后茬植物的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2009, 25(3): 63-68.
[7]	杨文斌, 王国祥, 郑海洋, 何伟, 刘玉. 菹草石芽萌发及幼苗生长对光、温因子的响应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2009, 25(1): 96-100.
[8]	王传海, 何都良, 郑有飞, 刘芳. 连续两年紫外线-B辐射增强对玉米种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2003, 19(3): 23-25.