崇明东滩盐沼湿地土壤碳氮储量分布特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海盐沼湿地是碳氮的重要储库，其碳氮储量时空分布特征受生物及环境因素的影响。研究了2013年不同季节长江口崇明东滩滨海湿地土壤（0~50 cm深度）有机碳和全氮储量的时空分布与垂直分布特征。结果表明，土壤有机碳储量与全氮储量季节分布均表现为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季，土壤有机碳储量和全氮储量呈现随时间推移而积累的特性；其空间分布特征表现为高潮滩芦苇（Phragmites australis）带>中潮滩互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）带>低潮滩海三棱藨草（Scirpus mariqueter）带>光滩，且北样线土壤有机碳和全氮储量高于南、中样线。不同区域土壤有机碳和全氮储量垂直分布特征较一致，总体表现为光滩和海三棱藨草有机碳储量在>10~15 cm土层最大，互花米草与芦苇有机碳储量较大值出现在0~10和>20~30 cm土层。土壤全氮储量垂直分布特征与有机碳相似，且与有机碳储量呈极显著线性正相关（P<0.01）。不同盐沼湿地植被类型是影响土壤有机碳和全氮储量分布的重要因素，而光滩区域土壤有机碳与全氮储量分布则主要受潮汐与沉积作用的影响。

关键词: 盐沼湿地, 碳氮储量, 时空分布, 崇明东滩

Abstract:

Coastal salt marsh wetlands are important pools of carbon and nitrogen. Spatio-temporal distributions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks therein are affected by both biological and environmental factors. In this paper, spatio-temporal distribution and vertical distribution (0-50 cm) of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in the Dongtan wetlands during 2013 was studied. Results show that both the SOC and TN stocks varied seasonally, following an order of winter > autumn > summer > spring, and accumulated with the time passing by, and varied spatially, too, showing a decreasing order of Phagmites australis belt in high tidal marsh > Spartina alterniflora belt in medium-tidal marsh > Scirpus mariqueter belt in low-tidal marsh > bare mudflat. However, along the belts, regardless of vegetation, the SOC and TN stocks was higher in the northern transect than in the middle and southern transects. Vertically the stocks distributed in the soil profiles in similar patterns in all areas. Generally SOC stock peaked in the >10-15 cm soil layer in the mudflat and S. mariqueter marsh, and in the surface soil layer(0-10 cm soil layer) and the >20-30 cm soil layer in the P. australis marsh and S. alterniflora marsh. The vertical distribution of TN stock was quite similar to that of SOC stock, showing an extremely significant positive correlation (P<0.01). All the findings in this study suggest that in the study area the type of the vegetation in the salt marsh is the major factor affecting the SOC and TN stocks, while in the bare mudflat, tide and sedimentation are the major affecting factors.

Key words: saltmarsh wetland, SOC and TN stock, spatio-temporal distribution, Chongming Dongtan

中图分类号:

S154.1

陈怀璞, 张天雨, 葛振鸣, 张利权. 崇明东滩盐沼湿地土壤碳氮储量分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(3): 242-251.

CHEN Huai-pu, ZHANG Tian-yu, GE Zhen-ming, ZHANG Li-quan. Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Salt Marsh Wetland in Dongtan of Chongming[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(3): 242-251.

参考文献

[1] DUSSAILLANT A,GALDAMES P,SUN C L.Water Level Fluctuations in a Coastal Lagoon:EI Yali Ramsar Wetland,Chile[J].Desalination,2009,246(1/2/3):202-214.
[2] CHMURA G L,ANISFELD S C,CAHOON D R,et al.Global Carbon Sequestration in Tidal,Saline Wetland Soils[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(4):1-22.
[3] BRIDGHAM S D,UPDEGRAFF K,PASTOR J.Carbon,Nitrogen,and Phosphorus Mineralization in Northern Wetlands[J].Ecology,1998,79(5):1545-1561.
[4] 仝川,贾瑞霞,王维奇,等.闽江口潮汐盐沼湿地土壤碳氮磷的空间变化[J].地理研究,2010,29(7):1203-1213.[TONG Chuan,JIA Rui-juan,WANG Wei-qi,et al.Spatial Variations of Carbon,Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Tidal Salt Marsh Soils of the Minjiang River Estuary[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(7):1203-1213.]
[5] LÜ Chao-qu,TIAN Han-qin.Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Nitrogen Deposition in China:Synthesis of Observational Data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2007,112(D22):229-238.
[6] ZHOU Jun-lin,WU Ying,KANG Qin-shu,et al.Spatial Variations of Carbon,Nitrogen,Phosphorous and Sulfur in the Salt Marsh Sediments of the Yangtze Estuary in China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,71(1):47-59.
[7] NICHOLS J D.Relation of Organic Carbon to Soil Properties and Climate in the Southern Great Plains[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1984,48(6):1382-1384.
[8] DE KOVEL C G F,VAN MIERLO A E M,WILMS Y J O,et al.Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil and Vegetation at Sites Differing in Successional Age[J].Plant Ecology,2000,149(1):43-50.
[9] 严格,葛振鸣,张利权.崇明东滩湿地不同盐沼植物群落土壤碳储量分布[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):85-91.[YAN Ge,GE Zhen-ming,ZHANG Li-quan.Distribution of Soil Carbon Storage in Different Saltmarsh Plant Communities in Chongming Dongtan Wetland[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(1):85-91.]
[10] 陈庆强,杨艳,周菊珍,等.长江口盐沼土壤有机质分布与矿化的空间差异[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):128-136.[CHEN Qing-qiang,YANG Yan,ZHOU Ju-zhen,et al.Spatial Differentiation of Soil Organic Matter Distribution and Mineralization in the Salt Marsh of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(1):128-136.]
[11] KENNEDY H,BEGGINS J,DUARTE C M,et al.Seagrass Sediments as a Global Carbon Sink:Isotopic Constraints[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2010,24(4):6696-6705.
[12] 牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口不同生境下翅碱蓬湿地土壤碳、氮储量与垂直分布特征[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1444-1449.[MOU Xiao-jie,SUN Zhi-gao,LIU Xing-tu.Storage and Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Suaeda salsa Marsh Soils of the Yellow River Estuary[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(6):1444-1449.]
[13] 姜俊彦,黄新,李秀珍,等.潮滩湿地土壤有机碳储量及其与土壤理化因子的关系:以崇明东滩为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):540-547.[JIANG Jun-yan,HUANG Xin,LI Xiu-zhen,et al.Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Tidal Wetland and Its Relationships With Soil Physico-Chemical Factors:A Case Study of Dongtan of Chongming,Shanghai[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(4):540-547.]
[14] 曹浩冰,葛振鸣,祝振昌,等.崇明东滩盐沼植被扩散格局及其形成机制[J].生态学报,2014,34(14):3944-3952.[CAO Hao-bing,GE Zhen-ming,ZHU Zhen-chang,et al.The Expansion Pattern of Saltmarshes at Chongming Dongtan and Its Underlying Mechanism[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(14):3944-3952.]
[15] YANG S L,MILLIMAN J D,LI P,et al.50 000 Dams Later:Erosion of the Yangtze River and Its Delta[J].Global and Planetary Change,2011,75(1/2):14-20.
[16] 崔利芳,王宁,葛振鸣,等.海平面上升影响下长江口滨海湿地脆弱性评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):553-561.[CUI Li-fang,WANG Ning,GE Zhen-ming,et al.Vulnerability Assessment on the Coastal Wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary Under Sea-Level Rise[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):553-561.]
[17] 沈焕庭.长江河口物质通量[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001:42-91.[SHEN Huan-ting.Material Flux of the Changjiang Estuary[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2001:42-91.]
[18] 张天雨,葛振鸣,张利权,等.崇明东滩湿地植被类型和沉积特征对土壤碳、氮分布的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(3):836-843.[ZHANG Tian-yu,GE Zhen-ming,ZHANG Li-quan,et al.Influence of Saltmarsh Vegetation and Sedimentation on the Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in the Chongming Dongtan Wetlands[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(3):836-843.]
[19] 孙志高,刘景双.三江平原典型小叶樟湿地土壤氮的垂直分布特征[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1342-1348.[SUN Zhi-gao,LIU Jing-shuang.Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Nitrogen in Typical Calamagrostis angustigolia Wetland Soils in the Sanjiang Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(6):1342-1348.]
[20] 董洪芳,于君宝,孙志高,等.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地植物-土壤系统有机碳空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2010,31(6):1594-1599.[DONG Hong-fang,YU Jun-bao,SUN Zhi-gao,et al.Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Organic Carbon in the Soil-Plant Systems in the Yellow River Estuary Tidal Flat Wetland[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(6):1594-1599.]
[21] 葛振鸣,王天厚,施文彧,等.崇明东滩围垦堤内植被快速次生演替特征[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(9):1677-1681.[GE Zhen-ming,WANG Tian-hou,SHI Wen-yu,et al.Secondary Succession Characteristics of Vegetations on Reclaimed Land Inside Chongming Wetland Seawall[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(9):1677-1681.]
[22] 邓自发,安树青,智颖飙,等.外来种互花米草入侵模式与爆发机制[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2678-2686.[DENG Zi-fa,AN Shu-qing,ZHI Ying-biao,et al.Preliminary Studies on Invasive Model and Outbreak Mechanism of Exotic Species,Spartina alterniflora Loisel[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(8):2678-2686.]
[23] 张利权,雍学葵.海三棱藨草种群的物候与分布格局研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1992,1(16):43-51.[ZHANG Li-quan,YONG Xue-kui.Studies on Phenology and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Scirpus mariqueter Population[J].Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica,1992,1(16):43-51.]
[24] 李鸿博,史锟,徐德应.植物过程对土壤有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(6):1163-1168.[LI Hong-bo,SHI Kun,XU De-ying.Effects of Plant Process on Soil Organic Carbon Concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(6):1163-1168.]
[25] PIETIKINEN J,PETTERSSON M,BTH E.Comparison of Temperature Effects on Soil Respiration and Bacterial and Fungal Growth Rates[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2005,52(1):49-58.
[26] 陈庆强,周菊珍,孟翊,等.长江口盐沼滩面演化的有机碳累积效应[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(5):614-623.[CHEN Qing-qiang,ZHOU Ju-zhen,MENG Yi. Organic Carbon Accumulation in Salt Marsh Land Surface Evolution of Yangtze Estuary[J].Progress in Natural Science,2007,17(5):614-623.]
[27] 石晓勇,王修林,韩秀荣,等.长江口邻近海域营养盐分布特征及其控制过程的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1086-1092.[SHI Xiao-yong,WANG Xiu-lin,HAN Xiu-rong,et al.Nutrient Distribution and Its Controlling Mechanism in the Adjacent Area of Changjiang River Estuary[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(7):1086-1092.]
[28] YANG S L,XU K H,MILLIMAN J D,et al.Decline of Yangtze River Water and Sediment Discharge:Impact From Natural and Anthropogenic Changes[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:12581.
[29] 刘敏,侯立军,许世远,等.长江口潮滩有机质来源的C、N稳定同位素示踪[J].地理学报,2004,59(6):918-926.[LIU Min,HOU Li-jun,XU Shi-yuan,et al.Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes as Tracers to Source Organic Matter in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(6):918-926.]
[30] 吴绽蕾,王东启,李杨杰,等.长江口崇明东滩海三棱藨草对沉积物有机碳库的贡献研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3639-3646.[WU Zhan-lei,WANG Dong-qi,LI Yang-jie,et al.The Contribution of Scirpus mariqueter to Sediment Carbon Storage of Chongming East Tidal Flat Wetland in Yangtze River Estuary[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,35(11):3639-3646.]