内蒙古阿拉善荒漠东部繁殖期鸟类多样性研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2016-2018年5-6月鸟类繁殖期，采用样线法和样点法对阿拉善-鄂尔多斯生物多样性中心地区鸟类种类、数量和分布进行调查。共记录到鸟类92种，隶属于15目37科，包括留鸟35种，夏候鸟39种，冬候鸟1种，旅鸟17种。调查到国家二级保护动物7种，包括凤头蜂鹰（Pernis ptilorhyncus）、红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、燕隼（Falco subbuteo）、雀鹰（Accipiter nisus）、普通狂鸟（Buteo japonicus）、大狂鸟（Buteo hemilasius）和黑鸢（Milvus migrans）。结果表明，鸟类主要集中分布在农田生态系统及荒漠草原生态系统，荒漠生境鸟类数量最少。荒漠与荒漠草原生境鸟类群落相似性最高，而贺兰山山地森林与其他生境的鸟类群落相似性均较低。除湿地生态系统外，其他生境鸟类群落在不同年度间均具有较高相似性。农田生态系统由于其较高的异质性和稳定的水源供应，对维持荒漠地区鸟类多样性具有重要作用。由于季节性干旱，较小面积的湿地生态系统对维持荒漠地区鸟类多样性的作用有限。

关键词: 阿拉善荒漠, 繁殖鸟类, 多样性, 鸟类区系, 样线法, 样点法

Abstract: In this study, the richness and abundance of birds in the breeding season (May and June) from 2016 to 2018 were surveyed in the western parts of Alxa-Ordos Biodiversity Center using line transect and fixed-radius point count. In total, 92 bird species belonging to 15 orders, 37 families were recorded, which include 35 residents, 39 summer migrants, 17 passing birds and one winter migrant. Seven species are listed in the list of national second-class protected wildlife, including Pernis ptilorhyncus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Accipiter nisus, Buteo japonicus, Buteo hemilasius and Milvus migrans. The Shannon-Wiener index was the highest in farmland but the lowest in desert, so did the Pielou index and the Margalef index. The results show that the birds were mainly distributed in ecosystems of farmland and steppe, while seldom occurred in desert. The highest community similarity was found between desert and steppe, whereas the community similarity between forest and any other ecosystems in Helanshan was generally lower. Except wetland, bird communities showed high similarity in other habitats among different years. It was also found that, farmland plays a key role in the maintenance of bird diversity in desert regions, due to the high heterogeneity and the stable water supply. In contrast, smaller wetlands have limited functions in the same aspect as a result of the seasonal drought.

Key words: Alxa Desert, breeding birds, diversity, avifauna, line transect, fixed-radius point count

中图分类号:

X176
Q145

李佳琦, 赵伟, 万雅琼, 祁玥, 王晓宁. 内蒙古阿拉善荒漠东部繁殖期鸟类多样性研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(11): 1375-1380.

LI Jia-qi, ZHAO Wei, WAN Ya-qiong, QI Yue, WANG Xiao-ning. Studies on the Diversity of Breeding Birds in the Desert of East Alxa,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1375-1380.

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