浙北稻麦连作区水直播稻田杂草群落组成及多样性差异

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0134

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确浙北稻麦连作区水直播稻田杂草群落特征及物种多样性差异，分别于2018和2019年9-10月，采用倒置W型9点取样法，调查了浙北11个县、区水直播稻田杂草发生情况，并对杂草优势度、杂草种类多样性、不同杂草生态位宽度和生态位重叠值进行分析。结果表明，浙北水直播稻田杂草共有49种（含变种），隶属于34属17科，禾本科和莎草科杂草种类最多。从杂草优势度来看，优势杂草有无芒稗和千金子2种；区域性杂草种类有多花水苋、丁香蓼、杂草稻和李氏禾等8种；其他39种为常见或一般杂草。从杂草分布区域来看，桐庐县杂草丰富度指数、辛普森指数和香农-威纳指数均高于其他地区，萧山区杂草均匀度指数最高。系统聚类分析表明浙北水直播稻田杂草群落可以分为4类，杭州和湖州各为1类，嘉兴的平湖、海宁和海盐为1类以及秀洲和嘉善为1类。生态位宽度分析表明，主要杂草种类如多花水苋和无芒稗具有较高生态位宽度。不同杂草生态位重叠值分析表明，生态位重叠值大于0.7的种间对占比为91%，说明不同杂草与利用资源相关的生态学特性之间整体上较为接近。

关键词: 杂草群落, 多样性, 稻麦连作区, 水直播稻田, 浙北地区

Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the characterization of weed communities and difference of species diversity among counties in wet direct-seeding paddy rice-wheat rotation areas in northern Zhejiang Province. The weed species was investigated in eleven counties during September to October in 2018 and 2019 by using the sampling method of inverted "W" pattern with nine sampling points. The weed abundance, species diversity, breadth of ecological niche and overlap values of ecological niche were analyzed. The results show that there were 49 weed species belonging to 34 genera of 17 families, and most of them belong to Gramineae and Cyperaceae. There were two dominant weed species (Leptochloa chinensis and Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis), eight regional dominant weed species (such as Ammannia multiflora, Ludwigia prostrate, Oryza sativa f. spontanea, Leersia hexandra), and thirty-nine normal weed species. Species richness index, Simpson's index and Shannon index in Tonglu County was higher than other counties, while Pielou index of Xiaoshan County was the highest. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that weed species in northern Zhejiang Province could be divided into four groups, including Hangzhou group, Huzhou group, Pinghu-Haining-Haiyan group and Xiuzhou-Jiashan group. Niche breadth analysis show that the main weed species such as A. multiflora and E. crus-galli var. mitis had higher niche breadth value. The niche overlap value analysis indicate that 91% of the 300 pairs having the niche overlap value that exceeded 0.7, which indicate that high ecological characteristics similarity exists in resource utilization between the two weed species.

Key words: weed community, diversity, rice-wheat rotation area, wet direct-seeding paddy, region of northern Zhejiang Province

中图分类号:

S314

徐伟东, 黎菊, 陆强, 王晔青. 浙北稻麦连作区水直播稻田杂草群落组成及多样性差异[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(1): 57-64.

XU Wei-dong, LI Ju, LU Qiang, WANG Ye-qing. Weed Community Composition and Difference of Diversity in Wet Direct-seeding Paddy Fields in Rice-wheat Rotation Areas in Northern Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(1): 57-64.

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