陆生蔬菜浮床对富营养化水体氮磷的去除以及水体、根系细菌群落分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1189

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究陆生蔬菜浮床对富营养化水体氮、磷去除效果以及对微生物群落和反硝化作用的影响,利用16S rDNA高通量测序和定量PCR(qPCR)技术,在分析水质理化指标的基础上,对富营养化水体中氮、磷营养元素以及微生物群落和功能基因的变化开展研究。结果表明,陆生蔬菜浮床对TP和NH₄⁺的去除效果较为突出,水芹、生菜和青菜处理组对TP的平均污染负荷去除率(分别为57.13%、46.91%和40.86%)优于对照组(25.46%);水芹和生菜处理组对NH₄⁺的平均负荷去除率(分别为51.30%和48.16%)高于对照组(27.23%)。对16S高通量测序属水平优势菌种的分析结果表明,蔬菜浮床系统根系表面均富集红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)来进行反硝化;水芹和生菜根系表面会富集大量噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)来增强氢自养反硝化作用;芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)在青菜周围水体和水芹、生菜根系表面较高,该菌属会将N₂O转化为N₂,实现完全反硝化。对照水体中栖湖菌(Limnohabitans)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)丰度较高,分别对氨氧化和反硝化有促进作用。试验后期水体反硝化功能基因(nirK、nirS、norB和nosZ)丰度增多,且青菜根系周围水体和水芹、生菜植株根部拷贝数较大,表明试验后期蔬菜浮床系统根系表面或附近水体富集了大量反硝化功能基因,使得反硝化功能更为剧烈。陆生蔬菜浮床对水体氮、磷营养元素有一定净化作用,可通过调节根系表面或周围水体优势菌种来促进反硝化作用。

关键词: 陆生蔬菜浮床, 16S rDNA, 功能基因, 反硝化作用

Abstract: In order to explore the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal efficiencies of terrestrial vegetable floating beds in eutrophic waters and their influence on microbial communities and denitrification, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques were used on water samples to analyze the dynamics of N and P concentrations, microbial communities, and functional genes. The results show high removal efficiencies for total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) by terrestrial vegetable floating beds, with the average TP removal efficiency of treatments groups of Oenanthe javanica, Lactuca sativa and Brassica rapa (57.13%, 46.91%, and 40.86%, respectively) superior to that of the control group (25.46%), and the average NH₄⁺ removal efficiency of treatments groups of Oenanthe javanica and Lactuca sativa (51.30% and 48.16%, respectively) higher than that of the control group (27.23%). Analysis of the dominant bacterial species by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing indicated that the root surfaces of different vegetable floating beds were all enriched with Rhodobacter for denitrification, and the root surfaces of Oenanthe javanica and Lactuca sativa were enriched with high amounts of Hydrogenophaga to enhance hydrogen autotrophic denitrification. Higher amounts of Gemmatimonas were found in waters surrounding Brassica rapa and the root surfaces of Oenanthe javanica and Lactuca sativa, which would convert N₂O into N₂ to achieve complete denitrification. Limnohabitans and Flavobacterium exhibited higher abundance in waters of the control group, which would promote ammonia oxidation and denitrification, respectively. The abundance of denitrification functional genes (nirK, nirS, norB and nosZ) in waters increased during the later period of the experiment, with relatively large copy numbers of waters surrounding the roots of Brassica rapa and the root surfaces of Oenanthe javanica and Lactuca sativa. It indicates that, during the latter period of the experiment, the root surfaces of the vegetable floating beds or the surrounding water accumulated a significant number of denitrification functional genes, leading to an enhanced denitrification process. Our study shows that terrestrial vegetable floating beds have good purifying effects on N and P in waters, and can promote denitrification by adjusting dominant bacterial species on the root surfaces or in the surrounding water.

Key words: terrestrial vegetable floating bed, 16S rDNA, functional gene, denitrification

中图分类号:

周佳林, 段婧婧, 王宁, 李明, 陈小锋, 薛利红. 陆生蔬菜浮床对富营养化水体氮磷的去除以及水体、根系细菌群落分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(1): 107-118.

ZHOU Jia-lin, DUAN Jing-jing, WANG Ning, LI Ming, CHEN Xiao-feng, XUE Li-hong. The Removal of N and P by Terrestrial Vegetable Floating Beds in Eutrophic Waters and the Microbiological Analysis of Water and Root System[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(1): 107-118.

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