射阳湖水环境现状与沉积物氮循环功能基因研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0739

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握射阳湖国家级水产种质资源保护区环境质量状况，在保护区核心区外围（S1~S6）和核心区内（S7~S11）共设置11个站位，监测该水域2018年5月至2019年2月水环境质量的季节变化情况，并选择代表性站位，测定底泥中碳、氮、硫含量以及氮循环细菌功能基因丰度。基于监测数据，运用综合营养状态指数法（TLI）评价射阳湖水环境现状，采用插值法探讨射阳湖水体氮、磷浓度的时空变化，并分析氮循环功能基因与主要环境因子间的相关性。结果表明，射阳湖水域存在轻度富营养化问题，总氮和总磷平均浓度最高值分别出现在冬季[（1.64±0.29） mg·L^-1]和夏季[（0.21±0.13） mg·L^-1]，它们是决定该水域所属环境质量类别的关键指标。射阳湖底泥中细菌narG和nirS等反硝化功能基因丰度较高，其中，夏季各站位nirS基因丰度显著高于春、秋季（P<0.05）。村镇污水排放和农业污染输入可能是引起水体富营养化的主要原因，加强村镇污染源防控及农业转型升级，有助于提升保护区水质，更好地保护水产种质资源。

关键词: 水产种质资源保护区, 富营养化, 氮循环, 功能基因

Abstract: To evaluate the environmental quality of the Sheyang Lake National Aquatic Germplasm Reserve, the seasonal changes in water quality at the sampling stations from May 2018 to February 2019 were monitored. Eleven sampling stations were distributed in the periphery (S1-S6) and core area (S7-S11) of the reserve. Several representative stations were selected to monitor the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur contents and the abundance of nitrogen cycling functional genes in the sediment. Comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) method was used to assess water eutrophication status. The interpolation method was used to simulate the spatial-temporal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The relationship between nitrogen cycling functional genes and essential environmental parameters was examined. The results indicate that the Sheyang Lake was slightly eutrophia; the concentration of total nitrogen reached the maximum in winter[(1.64 ±0.29) mg·L^-1], whereas the concentration of total phosphorus was the maximum in summer[(0.21±0.13) mg·L^-1]. They were the critical factors determining the grade of environmental quality. The abundance of denitrifying functional genes (e. g., narG and nirS) was relatively higher during the investigation. The abundance of nirS gene in summer was significantly higher than that in spring and in autumn (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the sewage discharge and agricultural pollution might be responsible for the eutrophication problem in the Sheyang Lake. Thus, it is essential to initiate the control of rural environmental pollution sources as well as to encourage the development of eco-agriculture, so as the water quality can be improved and aquatic germplasm resources can be conserved.

Key words: aquatic germplasm reserve, eutrophication, nitrogen cycling, functional gene

中图分类号:

X835

郑浩, 樊祥科, 钟非, 高海优, 张晓倩, 李博文, 张朝晖, 张永江. 射阳湖水环境现状与沉积物氮循环功能基因研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(11): 1465-1472.

ZHENG Hao, FAN Xiang-ke, ZHONG Fei, GAO Hai-you, ZHANG Xiao-qian, LI Bo-wen, ZHANG Zhao-hui, ZHANG Yong-jiang. Eutrophic Status and Functional Genes Responsible for Nitrogen Cycling in the Sediment of the Sheyang Lake[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(11): 1465-1472.

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