Abstract: Xilinggele grassland nature reservation area is the first nature reservation area for grassland in China. It was set up in 1985. The reservation area is situated at 43’ 26’-44’ 39’ N and 115°32’-117° 12’E. The total area is about 10, 786 km².This area belongs to the innermongolia plateau with an elevation over 1000 m. It belongs to the temperate zone with an annual temperature of -0.4°-2℃,annual precipitation of 320.5 - 448.9 mm among which 60-80%concentrates from June to August.The zonal soil is the chestnut and is verticall’y replaced by moun’ainous cherozem. The major vegetaion is the typical steppe type dominated by Aneurolepidoum Chinese, Stipa grandis and Artemisia spp. At the highesd attitude, the major vegetation is substituted by meadow-steppe. There are 625 species of flowering plants belonging to 74 families and 291 genera. The wild animal, such as rodent, grasshopper, monolia gazelle, fox, snake and tark etc. have the same characteristics of steppe.The problem of the nature reservation area is mainly management of natural resources. The area could be divided into five regions: central reservation area, isolated area, science experimental area, tour area and production experimental area.