Abstract: On the base of basic concepts of ecosystem and landscape ecology, the relationships between agroecosystems and agro-landscapes are discussed.In this paper the hierarchy characteristics of agroecosystems and agro-landscapes are introduced, the major hierachies of agroecosystems and agro-landscapes in China are reviewed, and the major similarities and differences between agroecosystem research and agro -landscape ecology research are compared. The emphasis on the combination of agroecosystem research and agro-landscape ecology research will further promote agro-ecology research.