Abstract: The traditional nomadic way of production in Tarim River Basin has caused serious problem of irrational drawing of water from Tarim River, thus resulted in the waste of water resource and the difficulty in environmental management of the area.The settlement of nomadic herdsmen and the integrating of farming with animal husbandry could be of great help to the improvement of the peoples life there and to the environmental control of the region.The conditions of the region that favorable to the settlement of herdsmen are: rich of light and heat resources, large area of arable land, high quality of grasslands along the Tarim River which are suitable for the development of artificial grasslands ,great potential of water resource, and the limited population of herdsmen.

Key words: settlement of nomadic herdsmen, environment control, Tarim River