Abstract: As an important proposition in the field of development economics, “resource curse” has received wide attention since it was put forward. Large volumes of studies have demonstrated that the phenomenon of “resource curse” does exist, and analyzed mechanisms of its transmission. However, some studies question its existence, holding that its existence is conditional. The cause of the “resource curse” phenomenon is site-specific. Especially unequal resources development and utilization systems subject resource exporting regions to serious “exploitation”, and ecological values of the natural resources fall far from being reflected. Aafter in-depth analysis of the phenomenon and its transmission mechanism,countermeasures and suggestions are elaborated for eliminating the “resource curse” phenomenon and for promoting the restructuring of resource exhausted areas are elaborated from the aspects of internal approaches, such as upgrading of industrial structure, investment in human capital, tax reform and institutional management, and from external mechanism such as social responsibility, regional coordination mechanism, carbon trading, ecological safety, green tax, consumption and pay, etc., while stressing the importance of establishing ecological compensation mechanism, which may serve as a scientific basis for eliminating the “resource curse” phenomenon and realizing the sustainable development of the resources-rich area and collaborative development of the regions.

Key words: resource curse, ecological compensation, mechanism, countermeasure