黄土高原典型区植被恢复及其对生态系统服务的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.01.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Restoring vegetation is the main approach to remediation of the global ecosystem. In China, the large scale vegetation rehabilitation activities are distinctive ecological measures, which have brought about enormous benefits and wide implications for the ecological remediation process. As a typical example of the great vegetation rehabilitation programs, the "Grain for Green Program" (GFGP) was initiated and experimented in the Loess Plateau as demonstration, and extrapolated nationwide. Since the implementation of GFGP, how the vegetation restoration was going on and what its implications were have become a hot spot in the academic circle. Implementations of the GFGP in Yan'an and Yulin Cities of Shaanxi Province, and Lüliang and Linfen Cities of Shanxi Province, typical areas of the Loess Plateau, were surveyed and changes in land use analyzed. Based on the data of annual mean vegetation coverage in 2000-2014, spatio-temporal changes of the vegetation were characterized. On such a basis, ecosystem services, such as soil conservation service, hydrological regulation service and vegetation carbon sequestration service in these typical areas were evaluated quantitatively, using soil erosion rate, surface vegetation evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) as indexes, so as to analyze effects of the vegetation restoration on major ecosystem services. Results show:(1) The areas of forests and grasslands have increased significantly since the implementation of GFGP; (2) These areas as a whole improved significantly in vegetation coverage with the years passing on. The area of newly restored vegetation accounted for 5.8%, 49.1% and 79.0% in 2000-2005, 2000-2010 and 2000-2014, respectively; (3) The soil conservation service strengthened, thus reducing the soil erosion rate by 17.5% from 1 162.6 t·km^-2·a^-1 in 2000 to 959.6 t·km^-2·a^-1 in 2014 and the area of moderate erosion by 53.7%, and keeping the soil conservation rate well above 84% and on a fluctuating and rising trend; (4) The hydrological regulation service improvement. The area with increased ET reached 48 094.1 km², or 39.6% of the total land area of the four cities; and (5) The carbon sequestration service heightened, with NPP generally on a rising trend. The areas with significantly increased NPP accounted for 60.3% of the total land area of the four cities. Total carbon sequestration increased by 45.4% from 39.2 Tg in 2000 to 57.0 Tg in 2014. This study revealed that the implementation of GFGP has significantly improved the vegetation in the studied areas, thus greatly strengthening ecosystem services in the region. Spatio-temporal variation of vegetation restoration and its effects on ecosystem service should draw more attention from both scientists and decision makers.

Key words: ecosystem service, vegetation cover, Grain for Green Program, Loess Plateau

CLC Number:

X826
Q149

ZHANG Kun, LÜ Yi-he, FU Bo-jie. Vegetation Restoration and Its Influences on Ecosystem Services in Areas Typical of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(1): 23-31.

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Vegetation Restoration and Its Influences on Ecosystem Services in Areas Typical of the Loess Plateau

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