牛粪配合无机改良剂对稻田土壤Cd赋存形态及生物有效性的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.04.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取四川省德阳市旌阳区天元镇Cd污染稻田，通过牛粪与3种无机改良剂海泡石（DS）、石灰（DL）、钙镁磷肥（DP）配施，研究了有机无机混合改良剂对土壤重金属Cd的生物有效性以及水稻吸收累积Cd的影响。结果表明，稻麦轮作下，DS、DL和DP处理对糙米Cd含量较牛粪单独处理（D）降低50%～70%，且均低于GB 2762-2012《食品中污染物限量》中的Cd污染标准。DP处理促进了茎秆中Cd的累积，这可能加大稻草秸秆还田对冬季作物Cd污染风险；在水稻分蘖期和成熟期DS、DL和DP处理土壤可交换态Cd含量均降低，且稻油轮作下DL和DP处理比CK处理分别降低42%和44%，稻麦轮作DS和DL处理则分别降低48%和53%。同时，DS、DL和DP处理均增加了有机碳（SOC）和可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量，DL处理显著提高了土壤pH值。水稻成熟期土壤可交换态Cd含量下降是降低糙米Cd含量累积的主要因子；DS、DL和DP处理提高了土壤pH值，降低了土壤DOC含量，从而降低土壤Cd活性形态含量，减小了其通过生物富集进入食物链的风险。总体来看，DS和DL处理可作为稻米安全生产优先选择的农艺调控技术措施。

关键词: Cd, 改良剂, 生物有效性, 水稻, 赋存形态, 土壤

Abstract:

To investigate effects of application of organic and inorganic soil ameliorants in combination on speciation and bioavailability of cadmium and uptake or accumulation of cadmium by rice growing in cadmium contaminated paddy soil, a field experiment was carried out in a tract of Cd-contaminated paddy field in Tianyuan Town, Jinyang District, Deyang City, Sichuan Province of China. The experiment was designed to have four treatments, i.e. Treatment D (decomposed cattle dung only), Treatment DS (decomposed cattle dung plus sepiolite), Treatment DL (decomposed cattle dung plus limestone) and Treatment DP (decomposed cattle dung plus calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer). Results show that cadmium concentration in brown rice of Treatments DS, DL and DP was 50% to 70% lower than that of Treatment D in the rice-wheat rotation system and even lower than the criteria set in the "Limits for Contaminants in Food" (GB 2762-2012). However, Treatment DP promoted Cd accumulation in stem, which may increase the risk of cadmium contamination of the winter crop by incorporation of rice straw. Meanwhile, Treatments DS, DL and DP lowered the content of exchangeable cadmiumin the soil at the tillering and maturing stages of rice. The drop reached by 42% and 44% in Treatments DL and DP in the rice-rapeseed rotation system and by 48% and 53% in the rice-wheat rotation system, respectively. Moreover, Treatments DS, DL and DP increased the contents of organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in the soil. Furthermore, Treatment DL significantly increased soil pH. The decline of soil exchangeable Cd at the maturing stage of rice was found to be the major factor lowering the accumulation of Cd in brown rice. Treatments DS, DL and DP raised the content of soluble organic carbon in the soil, thus decreasing the content of active Cd in the soil, and hence reducing the risk of soil cadmium entering the food chain through bio-accumulation. To sum up, Treatments DS and DL can be deemed as the optimum option of agronomic control technique for safe rice production.

Key words: cadmium, ameliorant, bioavailability, rice, speciation, soil

中图分类号:

杨兰, 李冰, 王昌全, 郭勇, 肖瑞, 张庆沛, 郑顺强. 牛粪配合无机改良剂对稻田土壤Cd赋存形态及生物有效性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(4): 651-658.

YANG Lan, LI Bing, WANG Chang-quan, GUO Yong, XIAO Rui, ZHANG Qing-pei, ZHENG Shun-qiang. Effects of Decomposed Cattle Dung Coupled With Inorganic Soil Ameliorants on Speciation and Bioavailability of Cadmium in Paddy Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(4): 651-658.

参考文献

[1] 郑国璋.农业土壤重金属污染研究的理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:101-104.
[2] OLIVER M A,GREGORY P J.Soil,Food Security and Human Health:A Review[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2015,66(2):257-276.
[3] 宋文恩,陈世宝,唐杰伟.稻田生态系统中镉污染及环境风险管理[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(9):1669-1678.
[4] JACKSON B P,PUNSHON T.Recent Advances in the Measurement of Arsenic,Cadmium,and Mercury in Rice and Other Foods[J].Current Environmental Health Reports,2015,2(1):15-24.
[5] YANG Z,HOU Q,TAO Y U T,et al.Eco-Geochemical Assessment of Agro-Ecosystems:Cd in the Chengdu Economical Region,Sichuan,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(5):23-35.
[6] 秦鱼生,喻华,冯文强,等.成都平原北部水稻土重金属含量状况及其潜在生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):635-634.
[7] 周启星,宋玉芳.污染土壤修复原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:6-8.
[8] 毛懿德,铁柏清,叶长城,等.生物炭对重金属土壤镉形态及油菜吸收镉的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):579-582.
[9] JIN H P,LAMB D,PANEERSELVAM P,et al.Role of Organic Amendments on Enhanced Bioremediation of Heavy Metal(Loid) Contaminated Soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(2/3):549-574.
[10] SEBASTIAN A,PRASAD M N V.Cadmium Minimization in Rice:A Review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2014,34(1):155-173.
[11] WANG X,LIANG C H,YIN Y.Distribution and Transformation of Cadmium Formations Amended With Serpentine and Lime in Contaminated Meadow Soil[J].Journal of Soil & Sediment,2015,15(7):1531-1537.
[12] TANG X,XIA L,LIU X,et al.Effects of Inorganic and Organic Amendments on the Uptake of Lead and Trace Elements by Brassica chinensis Grown in an Acidic Red Soil[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:177-183.
[13] 孙约兵,王朋超,徐应明,等.海泡石对镉、铅复合污染钝化修复效应及其土壤环境质量影响研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4720-4726.
[14] 朱奇宏,黄道友,刘国胜,等.海泡石对典型水稻土镉吸附能力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(11):2318-2323.
[15] 侯月卿,沈玉君,刘树庆.我国畜禽粪便重金属污染现状及其钝化措施研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(3):112-118.
[16] 周航,周歆,曾敏,等.2种组配改良剂对稻田土壤重金属有效性的效果[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):437-444.
[17] 刘丽,吴燕明,周航,等.大田条件下施加组配改良剂对蔬菜吸收重金属的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1489-1495.
[18] 汤帆,胡红青,苏小娟,等.磷矿粉和腐熟水稻秸秆对土壤铅污染的钝化[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):3062-3067.
[19] 李冰,王昌全,谭婷,等.成都平原土壤重金属区域分布特征及其污染评价[J].核农学报,2009,23(2):308-315.
[20] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京.中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-477.
[21] TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[22] JIANG H,LI T Q,HAN X,et al.Effects of pH and Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids on Competitive Adsorption and Desorption of Cadmium and Lead in Paddy Soils[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2012,184(10):6325-6335.
[23] CHEN Q F,YE Y,XU Q,et al.Research Advance on Absorption Law of Cadmium by Rice and Safety Control Technology of Cadmium in Rice Grain[J].Agricultural Science &Technology,2014,15(10):1801-1804.
[24] LIU X,TIAN F,XIE Y,et al.Control Effects of Tianshifu Soil Conditioners on Cd Contamination in Paddy Fields of Hunan Province[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2015,16(7):1447-1451.
[25] 王美娥,彭驰,陈卫平.水稻品种及典型土壤改良措施对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4283-4289.
[26] WANG S,HUANG D Y,ZHU Q H,et al.Speciation and Phytoavailability of Cadmium in Soil Treated With Cadmium-Contaminated Rice Straw[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(4):2679-2686.
[27] SUN Y,WANG R,LI Y,et al.In Situ Immobilisation Remediation of Cadmium in Artificially Contaminated Soil:A Chemical and Ecotoxicological Evaluation[J].Chemistry and Ecology,2015,31(7):594-606.
[28] ZHOU H,ZHOU X,ZENG M,et al.Effects of Combined Amendments on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Planted on Contaminated Paddy Soil[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,101:226-232.
[29] GUNAWARDANA B,SINGHAL N,JOHNSON A.Amendments and Their Combined Application for Enhanced Copper,Cadmium,Lead Uptake by Lolium perenne[J].Plant & Soil,2010,329(1/2):283-289.
[30] MOHAMED I,AHAMADOU B,LI M,et al.Fractionation of Copper and Cadmium and Their Binding With Soil Organic Matter in a Contaminated Soil Amended With Organic Materials[J].Journal of Soils & Sediments,2010,10(6):973-982.
[31] PÉREZ-ESTEBAN J,ESCOLÁSTICO C,MASAGUE A,et al.Soluble Organic Carbon and pH of Organic Amendments Affect Metal Mobility and Chemical Speciation in Mine Soils[J].Chemosphere,2014,103(5):164-171.
[32] DIAGBOYA P N,OLU-OWOLABI B I,ADEBOWALE K O.Effects of Time,Soil Organic Matter,and Iron Oxides on the Relative Retention and Redistribution of Lead,Cadmium,and Copper on Soils[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2015,22(13):10331-10339.