华北土石山区不同密度油松人工林土壤含水量及其时间稳定性剖面分布

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0356

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解不同密度油松人工林对土壤含水量（soil moisture，SM）及其时间稳定性的影响，对改善区域生态环境、促进生态系统生态服务功能具有重要意义。该研究在华北土石山区北京八达岭林场内分别选取阴、阳坡的高、中、低3个密度等级油松样地，观测0~60 cm土壤深度SM，统计分析不同林分密度对剖面SM的影响，并采用平均相对偏差（MRD）、标准差（STD）和时间稳定性指数（ITS）等指标分析SM的时间稳定性。结果表明：（1）当水分环境条件较好时（如阴坡）密度对SM没有显著影响，只在水分条件较差情况下（如阳坡或平水年）不同密度间SM差异才有一定体现；（2）从SM剖面分布看，密度越高表层（0~20 cm）SM越低；而阴坡次表层（>20~40 cm）和深层（>40~60cm）则SM随着密度增大而增大，表明阴坡油松植被密度的增大并没有引起显著的土壤干旱；（3）高密度STD值更低，SM较为稳定，且该现象在阳坡更明显。总体来看，随着SM增大，阴坡和阳坡ITS不同程度增大，但阳坡较阴坡ITS分布更为分散，ITS均值较大，而阴坡ITS分布更为集中，均值相对较小，进一步证实阴坡密度增大并没有引起显著的土壤干旱。因此，该地区种植密度对阳坡SM及其稳定性影响更明显，阳坡宜采用低密度林分种植。

关键词: 土壤含水量, 时间稳定性, 种植密度, 土石山区

Abstract:

Soil moisture(SM) is one of the most important factors affecting hydrological processes and vegetation growth, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of planting density(Chinese pine) on SM and its temporal stability in rocky mountain area of Northern China, which would be conducive to sustainable management of forests. Six plots located on the shady and sunny slopes and with low, medium, high density, respectively, were employed in the study. Soil moisture was measured at 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm in depths. Besides the SM, the temporal stability of the soil moisture of the plots was also analyzed in the term of the index of temporal stability (ITS). It has been found that, on the shady slope, the mean SMs of the soil profile did not show significant difference(P>0.05) between the three planting densities in either wet years(2013) or normal(2014) years. On the sunny slope, the plot with a low density(SUL) had the significantly highest SM(P<0.05) when compared with the other densities. Significant differences in SM between the middle and the high density plots were only found in 2014. The effect of planting density on SM at each depth did not uniform across the profile. The SM at the sub-surface layer(20-40 cm) and deep layer (40-60 cm) on shady slope plots showed an unexpected increasing trend with the increase of planting density, different from those of the other depths on either shady or sunny slope. It is assumed that the increasing SM trend might be partly due to the increased litters and more throughfall in the high density plots. When the data observations at the three densities were pooled together, It was found that the ITS values of soil moisture were generally positively correlated with the values of SM. However, the effect of planting density on ITS of soil moisture was more obvious on sunny slope plots, with theirs ITS values widely distributed when the planting density changed. Moreover, the mean ITS value of either of the densities on sunny slope was generally higher than that on shady aspect. It may be concluded that, in rock mountain area of Northern China, the increase of planting density would not significantly affect soil moisture and its temporal stability on shady slope plots. However, it did not hold true for sunny slope plots. To implement a sustainable forest ecological management, it is highly suggested to maintain low planting density on sunny slope plots for an effective ecological effect.

Key words: soil moisture, temporal stability, planting density, rocky mountain area

中图分类号:

X825

李紫恬, 王盛萍, 袁亚男, 王旭, 牛勇, 张志强, 朱金凤. 华北土石山区不同密度油松人工林土壤含水量及其时间稳定性剖面分布[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 491-499.

LI Zi-tian, WANG Sheng-ping, YUAN Ya-nan, WANG Xu, NIU Yong, ZHANG Zhi-qiang, ZHU Jin-feng. Profile Distribution of Soil Moisture and Its Temporal Stability Under Various Planting Densities in Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 491-499.

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