不同牛粪化肥配施比例下水稻田-沟-塘系统的水质及植物特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0349

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究牛粪化肥配施条件下稻田-沟塘系统的水质及植物特征，以不同的牛粪化肥配施比例下的水稻田及人工沟塘系统为研究对象，定点定期采集系统水样并分析水质状况，并分析沟塘中植物和水稻的生物量及氮磷含量。结果表明：水稻田中70%化肥+30%牛粪处理的田面水TP浓度显著低于其他3种施肥处理，而各处理间COD虽有显著差异，但都处于较低水平（地表Ⅲ类水标准），TN、NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度没有显著差异，且水稻产量及氮、磷含量都较高；沟塘系统对稻田退水的净化效果整体达到地表水Ⅲ类标准，其中COD净化率为28.91%~51.77%，TP为79.59%~91.57%，TN为4.19%~46.28%，NO₃^--N为6.82%~31.26%，NH₄⁺-N为7.77%~41.42%；沟塘系统的植物生物量以野菱（Trapa incisa）+白三叶（Trifolium repens）最高，为13.55 t·hm^-2，w（N）最高是羽状狐尾藻（Myriophyllum verticillatum），为16.26 g·kg^-1；w（P）最高是茭白（Zizania latifonia）+高羊茅（Festuca elata），为2.91 g·kg^-1；综合生物量和氮磷含量，N、P产出最高的分别是羽状狐尾藻和野菱+白三叶，产出量分别为100.26和39.43kg ·hm^-2。因此，牛粪替代化肥处理以30%的替代量为最优，稻田-沟-塘系统能够高效净化水体中牛粪带来的TP和COD，以羽状狐尾藻和野菱+白三叶净化效果最佳。

关键词: 水稻田-沟-塘湿地系统, 氮, 磷, COD, 鲜牛粪

Abstract:

In order to study the water quality and plant characteristics of rice-ditch-pond system under the condition of application of fertilizers with different ratio of dairy manure to chemical fertilizers, paddy field and artificial ditch pond system under different ratios of dairy manure and chemical fertilizer were studied. Water samples of the system were collected regularly and analyzed(pH, COD, TN, TP, NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N concentration). At the same time, the biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus content of plants in ditch, pond and rice were analyzed. The results show that the TP concentration of 70% chemical fertilizer +30% dairy manure(70% F+30% M) in paddy field was significantly lower than that of other three fertilization treatments. Although there was a significant difference between different treatments, COD concentration was at a low level(class Ⅲ of surface water standard). There was no significant difference in concentrations of TN, NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N. The yield and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of 70% F+30% M were higher. Ditch-pond system for paddy field water purification effect was up to class Ⅲ of surface water standard as a whole. The purification rate of COD was 28.91%-51.77%, and of TP was 79.59%-91.57%, of TN was 4.19%-46.28%, of NO₃^--N was 6.82%-31.26%, and of NH₄⁺-N was 7.77%-41.42%. The the highest plant biomass of ditch-pond system was Trapa incisa + Trifolium repens, which was 13.55 t·hm^-2. The plant with the highest N content was Myriophyllum verticillatum, which was 16.26 g·kg^-1, and the plant with the highest P content was Zizania latifolia + Festuca elata, which was 2.91 g·kg^-1. In terms of comprehensive biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus content, the plant with the highest yield of N and P were Myriophyllum verticillatum and Trapa incisa + Trifolium repens, respectively, with yield of 100.26 kg·hm^-2 and 39.43 kg·hm^-2. In conclusion, dairy manure is the best substitute for fertilizer at a rate of 30%, The paddy-ditch-pond system can effectively purify high TP and COD concentrations brought by dairy manure in water, and the best purification effect are Myriophyllum verticillatum and Trapa incisa + Trifolium repens.

Key words: paddy-ditch-pond wetland system, nitrogen, phosphorus, COD, fresh dairy manure

中图分类号:

X524

王春雪, 李敏, 陈建军, 舒正文, 李元, 祖艳群, 王昭. 不同牛粪化肥配施比例下水稻田-沟-塘系统的水质及植物特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 506-514.

WANG Chun-xue, LI Min, CHEN Jian-jun, SHU Zheng-wen, LI Yuan, ZU Yan-qun, WANG Zhao. Water Quality and Plant Characteristics of Paddy-Ditch-Pond With Different Ratio of Dairy Manure to Fertilizer in the Paddy Fields[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 506-514.

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