草海湿地区域景观生态脆弱性时空变化特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态脆弱性作为生态学研究的热点和重要方向，对区域环境保护、土地利用规划及可持续发展具有重要指导意义。利用3S技术，基于景观生态学理论和方法构建景观脆弱度指数，从整体上对贵州草海湿地区域的景观类型及景观脆弱度变化特征进行分析。以研究区53个行政村作为评价单元，从较小尺度和可控单元出发，研究草海区域景观生态脆弱性变化及其时空分异特征。结果表明：（1）1995-2015年间草海湿地区域林地、草地面积减少较多，建设用地和水域面积持续增加；研究区景观脆弱度指数范围逐渐变大，但各景观类型脆弱度指数排序不变，由大到小依次为草地、林地、耕地、建设用地和水域。（2）1995-2015年间处于重度脆弱区、中度脆弱区的行政村主要集中在研究区四周，且数量有所减少；处于一般脆弱区和潜在脆弱区的行政村集中在研究区中部区域，数量有所增加。（3）各行政村的景观生态脆弱性水平呈现显著自相关，但景观生态脆弱性接近的行政村在空间上表现出的聚集性有所降低。（4）研究区行政村的景观生态脆弱性空间分布由低-低聚集类型转为高-高聚集类型，大部分行政村的空间自相关属于"不显著"类型，并没有出现低-高聚集区。

关键词: 贵州, 草海湿地, 3S, 景观格局, 景观脆弱性, 时空分异

Abstract:

The research on ecological vulnerability, as a hot spot and important orientation of the study on ecology, is of important guiding significance to regional environmental protection, rational planning and utilization of land resources and sustainable development. Landscape vulnerability index was established based on 3S technology and theories and methods of landscape ecology for analysis of characteristics of the variation of landscape pattern and landscape vulnerability in the study area as a whole. To proceed with relatively small scaled controllable unit, 53 administrative villages in the studied area were used as evaluation units to explore characteristics of the variations of landscape ecological vulnerability and its spatiotemporal distribution in the Caohai Wetland. Results show:(1) During the period from 1995 to 2015, woodland and grassland decreased much in area, while construction land and water surface kept on increasing. Landscape vulnerability index of the study area expanded gradually in the past 20 years, but in terms of vulnerability index, the fractions of the landscape remained almost unchanged, i. e. grassland > woodland > cultivated land > construction land > water surface; (2) During the period from 1995 to 2015, villages high and moderate in landscape vulnerability were concentrated mainly around the study area and decreasing in number, while villages, so so and potential in landscape vulnerability were mostly in the central part of the study area and increasing in number; (3) The ecological vulnerabilities of the villages exhibited significant autocorrelations, but spatial agglomeration of the villages similar in landscape vulnerability declined somewhat; and (4) The spatial distribution of landscape ecology vulnerability of the administrative villages was shifting from the low-low type of agglomeration to the high-high type and most of the villages no longer exhibited much spatial autocorrelation, and no low-high type of agglomeration appeared.

Key words: Guizhou Province, Caohai Wetland, 3S, landscape pattern, landscape vulnerability, spatio-temporal differentiation

中图分类号:

Q149
P94

任金铜, 杨可明, 陈群利, 莫世江, 王志红, 冯图. 草海湿地区域景观生态脆弱性时空变化特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(3): 232-239.

REN Jin-tong, YANG Ke-ming, CHEN Qun-li, MO Shi-jiang, WANG Zhi-hong, FENG Tu. Spatio-Temporal Variation of Vulnerability of Landscape Ecology of Caohai Wetland[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(3): 232-239.

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