中国生态安全研究进展:评估模型与管理措施

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.12.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态安全是我国推进生态文明建设，实现可持续发展的重要基础，也是近年来学术界和管理者共同关注的热点问题。综合相关领域的最新成果，对中国生态安全评估模型和管理措施的动态及趋势进行评述。在生态安全评估模型方面，介绍了压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型、生态足迹模型、景观生态学模型、生态系统服务模型等在不同尺度生态安全评估中的应用，以及生态安全预警的主要研究进展。在生态安全管理措施方面，以国家生态安全保障为目标，系统梳理了中国的生态安全保障政策，同时从生态恢复工程、生态保护红线和保护区巡查3个方面介绍了生态环境治理措施。在此基础上，对我国未来生态安全研究与管理进行展望，提出生态安全研究应在评估单元的空间匹配以及评估的时间动态性方面加以深化和拓展。生态安全管理应注重防控潜在风险，融合新兴技术，实施以生态功能为导向的综合管理。研究可为我国生态安全的研究与管理提供参考。

关键词: 生态安全, 评估模型, 生态环境管理, 可持续发展

Abstract:

China is in the critical period of ecological civilization construction. The ecological security is an essential foundation for ecological civilization construction and sustainable development promotion, which makes it the hot spot for both researchs and managements. Based on the latest research advances in the related fields of ecological security, the development of ecological security assessment model and the dynamics of ecological security management in China have been summarized. The application of the main assessment models (including the pressure-state-response model, ecological footprint model, landscape ecology model and ecosystem service model) are introduced. The development of researches on early-warning of ecological security is also discribed. In the aspect of ecological management measures, with the purpose of guaranteeing national ecological security, the guarantee policies of ecological security is systemically summarized, and the environmental management measures of ecological restoration, ecological conservation redline delineation and "green shield" natural reserve patrol are introduced. Based on the above mentioned contents, an outlook on the research and management of ecological security in the future is provided. It is recommended that the research should pay attention to the spatial match of the assessment units and the temporal dynamics of the assessment. In the meanwhile, the government should attach more importance to potential risk, emerging technology and comprehensive management oriented by ecological functions. The findings of this study could provide references for the study and management of ecological security in China.

Key words: ecological security, assessment model, ecological environment management, sustainable development

中图分类号:

X83
X501

张琨, 林乃峰, 徐德琳, 于丹丹, 邹长新. 中国生态安全研究进展:评估模型与管理措施[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(12): 1057-1063.

ZHANG Kun, LIN Nai-feng, XU De-lin, YU Dan-dan, ZOU Chang-xin. Research Advance on Ecological Security in China: Assessment Models and Management Measures[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(12): 1057-1063.

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