亚热带林下混种群鸟巢生态位分化与共存

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0086

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 339-344.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0086

亚热带林下混种群鸟巢生态位分化与共存

李旺明^1,2,3, 梅水珍⁴, 邹发生³

1. 中国科学院华南植物园, 广东广州 510650;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 广东省生物资源应用研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广东广州 510260;
4. 广东郁南同乐大山省级自然保护区管理处, 广东郁南 527100

收稿日期:2018-03-01 出版日期:2019-03-25 发布日期:2019-04-25
通讯作者: 邹发生 E-mail:zoufs@giabr.gd.cn
作者简介:李旺明(1989-),男,江西上饶人,硕士,研究方向为鸟类生态学。E-mail:liwm1918@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31672265）；广东省林业自然保护区多样性监测体系建设项目（0877-16GZTP01D060，1210-1741YDZB0401）

Nest Niche Separation and Coexistence of Understory Mixed-Species Flocks Birds in Subtropical Forest

LI Wang-ming^1,2,3, MEI Shui-zhen⁴, ZOU Fa-sheng³

1. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510260, China;
4. Guangdong Yunan Tongledashan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunan 527100, China

Received:2018-03-01 Online:2019-03-25 Published:2019-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鸟类混种群在热带、亚热带森林普遍存在，华南地区的集群鸟类以画眉科鸟类为主，这些集群种大小类似，食性相近，它们的生态位如何分化、共存机制如何是生态学研究的重要问题。于2016-2017年繁殖期，用鸟巢统计法对广东鼎湖山国家级自然保护区和广东郁南同乐大山省级自然保护区林下鸟类繁殖生态位进行调查，通过筑巢林地、筑巢基质和筑巢高度3个生态维度，比较7种林下鸟的生态位宽度和重叠程度。结果表明：灰眶雀鹛（Alcippe morrisonia）在3个维度上的生态位宽度均最大，这可能是它成为混种群优势种的原因；在鼎湖山和同乐大山，筑巢林地的生态位重叠值分别为0.85±0.01（n=10）和0.76±0.02（n=10），筑巢基质生态位重叠值分别为0.20±0.08（n=10）和0.23±0.12（n=10），筑巢高度生态位重叠值分别为0.26±0.09（n=10）和0.35±0.20（n=10）；虽然鸟类在筑巢林地上的生态位重叠较高，但在筑巢基质和筑巢高度上有较大的生态位分离，生态位的分离促使鸟类可以在混种群共存而避免竞争。

关键词: 生态位, 物种共存, 鼎湖山, 同乐大山, 灰眶雀鹛, 繁殖

Abstract:

Mixed-species flocks of birds are common in tropical and subtropical forest worldwide. In South China, babblers (Timaliidae) are the main members of these flocks. Most of babblers are small-bodied insectivores. Niche separation and coexistence of these species within the mixed-species flocks are hot ecological issues. A study of the nesting niche of understory birds at Guangdong Dinghushan National Nature Reserve (DNR) and Guangdong Yunan Tongledashan Provincial Nature Reserve (TNR) was carried out by systematically searching for bird nests during the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2017. Niche width and niche overlap of nesting habitat types,nesting substrate and nesting height were compared for 7 species. The grey-cheeked fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) was found to have the largest niche breadth in all three variables. This may explain why grey-cheeked fulvetta is the dominant species in mixed-species flocks in South China. The niche overlap values were 0.85±0.01(n=10) in DNR, 0.76±0.02 (n=10) in TNR for nesting habitat types, 0.20±0.08 (n=10) in DNR, 0.23±0.12 (n=10) in TNR for nesting substrates, and 0.26±0.09 (n=10) in DNR, 0.35±0.20 (n=10) in TNR for nesting heights. There was high niche overlap for nesting habitat types, but lower niche overlap for nesting substrates and nesting heights. This implies that niche separation of nesting substrate and nesting height may decrease competition for resources between species in the same flocks. This study of breeding niche overlap helps to explain how species in mixed-species flocks can coexist.

Key words: niche, species coexistence, Dinghushan, Tongledashan, grey-cheeked fulvetta, breeding

中图分类号:

Q958

李旺明, 梅水珍, 邹发生. 亚热带林下混种群鸟巢生态位分化与共存[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(3): 339-344.

LI Wang-ming, MEI Shui-zhen, ZOU Fa-sheng. Nest Niche Separation and Coexistence of Understory Mixed-Species Flocks Birds in Subtropical Forest[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(3): 339-344.

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亚热带林下混种群鸟巢生态位分化与共存

Nest Niche Separation and Coexistence of Understory Mixed-Species Flocks Birds in Subtropical Forest

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