基于VMOD模型的若尔盖泥炭沼泽地下水数值模拟

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0190

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 442-450.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0190

基于VMOD模型的若尔盖泥炭沼泽地下水数值模拟

鲁瀚友¹, 李志威^1,2, 胡旭跃^1,3

1. 长沙理工大学水利工程学院, 湖南长沙 410114;
2. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态和高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
3. 水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410114

收稿日期:2018-04-04 出版日期:2019-04-25 发布日期:2019-04-25
通讯作者: 李志威 E-mail:lzhiwei2009@163.com
作者简介:鲁瀚友(1994-),男,湖南常德人,硕士生,主要从事河流动力学与湿地研究。E-mail:lhylfxryy@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（91547112）；省部共建三江源生态和高原农牧业国家重点实验室开放研究项目（2017-KF-01）；长沙市科技计划（kq1701075）

Numerical Simulation of Local Peatland Groundwater in the Zoige Plateau Using the Visual MODFLOW

LU Han-you¹, LI Zhi-wei^1,2, HU Xu-yue^1,3

1. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China

Received:2018-04-04 Online:2019-04-25 Published:2019-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

若尔盖泥炭沼泽自20世纪50年代以来发生显著的面积萎缩，导致其失水的重要机制之一是自然沟道的溯源下切与横向侵蚀，进而疏干沟道两侧沼泽的地表水和泥炭层的地下水，加速泥炭沼泽地的萎缩。基于2016-2017年夏季野外观测与Visual MODFLOW地下水模型，分别研究局部2种典型泥炭地的地下水运动和沟道对泥炭地地下水的横向水力梯度的影响。结果表明：地下水流运动偏向于沟道方向，且当沟道切穿泥炭层后此趋势更加显著，垂直沟道方向水力梯度约增大79%。证实自然沟道不仅在降雨期对地表水具有排水作用，其溯源下切直至切穿泥炭层的过程促进沟道两侧地下水在非降雨期不断流失，并在河道两侧形成泥炭沼泽的疏干带。该研究对若尔盖湿地修复与保护中沟道切穿泥炭层区域提出了相应的建议措施。

关键词: 若尔盖高原, 泥炭沼泽, 地下水运动, 水力梯度, 自然沟道, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Peatland swamp in the Zoige Plateau has been shrinking rapidly since 1950s, where one of the important mechanisms causing water loss in peatland is headward and lateral erosion of natural gullies. Natural gullies drain partially surface water in rainfall season and groundwater in non-rainfall season, both of which accelerate the shrinkage of the swamp. Field observations were conducted in the Zoige Peatland in summer of 2016-2017 and Visual MODFLOW groundwater model was used to study groundwater movement in local peatland and the influence of natural gullies on hydraulic gradient in peat layer near the gully. Results indicate that the movement direction of groundwater is more inclined to the gully greater than that along the terrain slope. Moreover, this trend is more pronounced after the gullies cut through the peat layer, i. e., the hydraulic gradient in the direction perpendicular to the gully increased by about 79%. It definitely shows that the natural gullies could not only drain off surface water in rainfall season, but also facilitate the loss of groundwater on peatland on both sides of gullies during non-rainfall season. This drainage process leads to the formation of dewatering belt on both sides of gullies. This study is of great importance to the adoption of the targeted measures to protect the peatland in Zoige Plateau from cutting through by the gullies.

Key words: Zoige Plateau, peatland, groundwater movement, hydraulic gradient, natural gully, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

X36
P931.7

鲁瀚友, 李志威, 胡旭跃. 基于VMOD模型的若尔盖泥炭沼泽地下水数值模拟[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 442-450.

LU Han-you, LI Zhi-wei, HU Xu-yue. Numerical Simulation of Local Peatland Groundwater in the Zoige Plateau Using the Visual MODFLOW[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 442-450.

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基于VMOD模型的若尔盖泥炭沼泽地下水数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Local Peatland Groundwater in the Zoige Plateau Using the Visual MODFLOW

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