内蒙古兴安盟参考作物蒸散量时空变化及敏感性分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0370

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨气候变暖背景下内蒙古兴安盟参考作物蒸散量的变化特征及其对主要气象要素的敏感性，基于兴安盟8个气象观测站1973-2017年逐日气象观测数据，通过联合国粮食及农业组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式，计算兴安盟地区1973-2017年生长季（4-9月）逐日参考作物蒸散量（ET₀），采用气候倾向率、累积距平、响应曲线和敏感系数等方法分析了该时段内ET₀及主要气象要素的变化特征，并探讨了ET₀对气温、平均风速、日照时数、平均水汽压的敏感性。结果表明：（1）兴安盟生长季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温呈显著上升趋势（P<0.01），平均风速呈下降趋势，日照时数和平均水汽压呈上升趋势，后3者变化趋势均未通过显著性检验。（2）近45 a来兴安盟生长季ET₀平均值为765.9 mm，高值区主要分布在突泉县大部以及科右中旗中部，低值区主要分布在阿尔山市西北部。兴安盟生长季平均日参考蒸散量呈增加趋势，但增加趋势不显著，兴安盟1973-2017年生长季日平均ET₀的变化大致可划分为5个特征明显的阶段。（3）近45 a来，阿尔山、索伦、巴彦呼舒生长季平均日ET₀呈显著增加趋势（P<0.05），突泉变化趋势不明显，音德尔、乌兰浩特呈弱下降趋势。（4）兴安盟生长季ET₀对气温、平均风速、日照时数为正敏感，且对气温最敏感，其次是平均水汽压，对平均风速敏感性最低，仅对平均水汽压负敏感。（5）ET₀对气温、日照时数和平均水汽压的敏感区主要分布在兴安盟东部和南部地区，北部大部以及东南角为ET₀对平均风速敏感区。

关键词: 参考作物蒸散量, Penman-Monteith公式, 敏感性分析, 兴安盟, 内蒙古

Abstract:

The variation characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration(ET₀) and its sensitivity to main meteorological factors in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia under the background of climate warming were studied. ET₀ in growing season during 1973-2017 was calculated by using Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO based on daily meteorological data of eight weather stations in Xing'an League. Then the spatial-tempral variation characteristics of ET₀ over Xing'an League were analyzed with the help of the methods of linear regression and accumulative anomaly. In addition, sensitivity of ET₀ to key climate factors, such as temperature, average wind speed, sunshine hours and average vapor pressure was analyzed through using the methods of response curves and sensitivity coefficients. The results show that:(1) Temperature increased significantly(P<0.01) from 1973 to 2017, while average wind speed showed a decrease trend, sunshine hours and average vapor pressure both showed upward trend, but the variation trend of the latter three factors didn't passed the significant test. (2) In the past 45 years, the averge ET₀ of Xing'an League in growing season is 765.9 mm, the areas of high values were mainly distributed in Tuquan county and the central part of Keyouzhongqi, the areas of low values being mainly distributed in the northwest of Aershan. The average daily ET₀ in growing season of Xing'an League showed an increasing trend, but the trend of increase was not significant. The variaty of average daily ET₀ in growth season of Xing'an League during 1973-2017 can be roughly divided into five distinct stages. (3) In the past 45 years, the average daily ET₀ increased significantly during the growing season of Aershan, Suolun and Bayanhushu(P<0.05), the variation tendency of Tuquan is not obvious, Indeer and Ulanhot showing a weak downward trend. (4) ET₀ is positively sensitive to temperature, average wind speed and sunshine hours in growing season of Xing'an League only show negative sensitivity to average vapor pressure, which was the most sensitive to temperature followed by the average vapor pressure and the lowest sensitivity to the average wind speed in the meantime.(5) The sensitive areas of ET₀ to temperature, sunshine hours and average vapor pressure were mainly distributed in eastern and southern of Xing'an League. The northern part and southeast corner were sensitive areas of ET₀ to the average wind speed.

Key words: reference crop evapotranspiration, Penman-Monteith, sensitivity analysis, Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia

中图分类号:

S161.4

高红霞, 唐红艳, 李敏. 内蒙古兴安盟参考作物蒸散量时空变化及敏感性分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 419-425.

GAO Hong-xia, TANG Hong-yan, LI Min. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Its Sensitivity in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 419-425.

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