烟台市滨海湿地越冬水鸟群落结构及多样性

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0874

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 烟台市东部广阔的滨海湿地是多种水鸟重要的迁徙停歇地和越冬地。于2016年11月-2019年2月连续3个越冬季，采用分区直数法对位于烟台市境内东部的沁水河入海口、养马岛葡醍湾、鱼鸟河入海口和辛安河入海口滨海湿地越冬季水鸟群落及其多样性进行调查。调查共记录水鸟6目10科48种。其中，鸻形目物种数最多，占总种数的45.83%，其次为雁形目，占35.42%。鸥科、鸭科、鹬科、科和鹭科为越冬水鸟主要类群，这5科鸟类种群数量占所记录水鸟总数量的99.00%。记录国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物1种：遗鸥（Larus relictus），国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物2种：大天鹅（Cygnus cygnus）和小天鹅（Cygnus columbianus）。11月为越冬前期，12月至翌年2月为越冬稳定期，稳定期越冬水鸟优势种共有9种，其中包括列入世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）的受威胁鸟类1种：白腰杓鹬（Numenius arquata）。3个越冬季所记录水鸟的物种数以2017-2018年为最多，4个湿地越冬水鸟群落相似性属于中等程度。

关键词: 水鸟群落, 滨海湿地, 越冬, 多样性, 烟台市

Abstract: The expansive coastal wetlands in the eastern part of Yantai City are important resting place on the way of migration and wintering sites for many waterbirds. Community and diversity of the overwintering waterbird in Puti Bay of Yangma Island and estuaries of Qinshui River, Yuniao River and Xin'an River Estuary were evaluated by means of zoning direct counting method from November to February of each year from 2017 to 2019. 6 orders 10 families and 48 species were recorded. The most abundant order is Charadriiformes accounting for 45.83% of total recorded species, followed by Anseriformes of 35.42%. Laridae, Anatidae, Scolopacidae, Podicipedidae and Ardeidae consist the most majority and account for 99.00% of the total recorded species. Of note, one first-class (Larus relictus) and two second-class (Cygnus Cygnus and C. columbianus) national protected birds were recorded. There are 9 dominant species during the stable period of overwintering (December to February), and Numenius arquata has been listed as threatened species by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The number of recorded waterbird species of 2017-2018 was the most during the investigation, and moderate community similarity was determined among four investigated regions.

Key words: waterbird community, coastal wetland, overwintering, diversity, Yantai City

中图分类号:

X176
Q958.1

王丽婷, 刘贺, 刘威, 王宜艳, 许翠萍, 李欣洋, 黄清荣, 孙虎山, 伊剑锋. 烟台市滨海湿地越冬水鸟群落结构及多样性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(11): 1395-1402.

WANG Li-ting, LIU He, LIU Wei, WANG Yi-yan, XU Cui-ping, LI Xin-yang, HUANG Qing-rong, SUN Hu-shan, YI Jian-feng. Community Structure and Diversity of Overwintering Waterbird in Coastal Wetlands of Yantai City[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1395-1402.

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