潮白河密云段水体溶解性有机碳和重金属时空变化特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0953

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探明饮用水水源溶解性有机碳（DOC）与重金属动态变化规律可为水源地保护和饮用水处理提供指导意义。选择北京市潮白河密云段水体，探讨春季、夏季和秋季等不同季节以及林地（R1）、林地农田混合（R2）、城镇（R3）和农田（R4）等不同区域水体pH、总溶解固体（TDS）和电导率等基本水质指标以及DOC和Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn 5种重金属浓度变化，揭示DOC和重金属浓度时空分布特征。结果表明，TDS和电导率空间分布差异显著（P<0.05），而季节差异不显著，但各季节最大值均出现在R4区域。ρ（DOC）平均为30.60 mg·L^-1，空间分布差异显著（P<0.05），季节变化差异不显著，各季节最小值均在R1区域。ρ（Cu）、ρ（Fe）、ρ（Mn）、ρ（Ni）和ρ（Zn）平均分别为1.07、9.29、3.30、1.64和2.91 μg·L^-1，季节性差异表现为Cu、Zn浓度在春季较高，Fe、Mn浓度在夏秋季较高，空间变化表现为各重金属浓度在R3和R4区域显著较高。DOC和重金属浓度空间分异特征与水源地周边土地利用类型直接相关，城镇和农业用地河段水体受其影响程度较高。

关键词: 饮用水水源, 溶解性有机碳, 重金属, 时空分异

Abstract: Elucidating dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metals in drinking water sources provides critical implications for water source protection and drinking water treatments. In order to characterize tempo-spatial variations of DOC and heavy metals in Miyun section of Chaobai River which is a main drinking water source in Beijing, DOC and five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) as well as three water quality indicators [pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and conductivity] in different seasons (spring, summer and autumn) and in different regions (R1: woodland region, R2: woodland and farmland mixed region, R3: urban region, and R4: farmland region) were investigated. The TDS and conductivity presented significant spatial heterogeneity among regions which were greatest in R4 (P<0.05), while seasonal variations of them in each region were subtle. The average DOC concentration was 30.60 mg·L^-1, with remarkable fluctuations across regions (P<0.05) and slight changes across seasons. The lowest DOC concentrations were found in R1 in all seasons. The average concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were 1.07, 9.29, 3.30, 1.64 and 2.91 μg·L^-1, respectively. Cu and Zn concentrations were greatest in spring, whilst Fe and Mn concentrations were greatest in summer and autumn. Significantly greater concentrations of five heavy metals were observed in R3 and R4 compared to the other regions. The spatial characteristics of DOC and heavy metal concentrations corresponded with the land use types adjacent to the stream. The water quality at stream sections in urban and agricultural regions was to a higher extent affected than in the regions with other land use types.

Key words: drinking water source, dissolved organic carbon, heavy metal, tempo-spatial characteristics

中图分类号:

X522

许新瑶, 蒲晓, 刘训良, 张瑞宁, 张玉虎, 高静, 董雪, 王子康. 潮白河密云段水体溶解性有机碳和重金属时空变化特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(9): 1177-1184.

XU Xin-yao, PU Xiao, LIU Xun-liang, ZHANG Rui-ning, ZHANG Yu-hu, GAO Jing, DONG Xue, WANG Zi-kang. Tempo-spatial Variations of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Heavy Metals in Miyun Section of Chaobai River[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(9): 1177-1184.

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