冀北山区某矿区周边耕地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0396

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以冀北山区某矿区周边耕地为研究对象，通过分析25个土壤表层（0~20 cm）样品中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr含量，基于地统计法分析土壤重金属的空间分布规律，采用单因子污染指数法（P_i）、内梅罗综合污染指数法（P_N）和潜在生态风险指数（I_R）评价耕地土壤重金属污染的潜在生态风险程度，并利用多元统计分析对土壤中重金属来源进行分析。结果表明：土壤中除As以外的其他几种重金属含量平均值均超出河北土壤背景值，Hg、Pb、Zn和Ni含量平均值未超出GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》风险筛选值，Cd、Cu和Cr含量的超标率分别为33%、46%和8%，其中Zn、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu和As含量高值区主要集中于矿区北部及中南部，Cr和Ni含量高值区出现在矿区北部和中部；各重金属的单因子污染指数从大到小依次为Cd > Pb > Cu > Hg > Cr > Ni > Zn > As。内梅罗综合污染指数显示重金属污染较严重，1个样点为无污染，其他24个样品均表现为不同程度污染。综合潜在生态风险等级为轻微，8种重金属的I_R为38.1~218.8，Cd和Hg为污染的主要贡献因子。来源分析表明，土壤中Hg、As、Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu主要受人为污染因素影响，Cr和Ni主要受成土母质及地质活动的影响。

关键词: 耕地, 重金属, 污染评价, 生态风险, 矿区

Abstract: To investigate the polluting characteristics and to assess ecological risk of heavy metals in cultivated land around a mining area in northern Hebei Province, the concentrations of Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in the 25 top soil (0-20 cm) samples were determined and the spatial distribution of the heavy metals in the cultivated land was analyzed based on geostatistical analysis. The potential ecological risks were assessed by the single factor (P_i), Nemerow index method (P_N), and potential ecological risk index (I_R) and the main sources of heavy metals were discussed according to the multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that the average concentrations of all heavy metals except As in the soil exceeded the background values of soil, meanwhile the Hg, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations did not exceed the national agricultural land soil pollution risk screening value, and met the national pollution risk screening standards,meanwhile the over standard rates of Cd, Cu and Cr contents were 33%, 46% and 8%, respectively. The higher concentrations of Zn, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and As were mainly concentrated in north and south-central parts of the research area, and the higher concentrations of Cr and Ni were mainly concentrated in north and central parts. The single factor assessment results indicate that the degree of heavy mental pollution was in the order of Cd > Pb > Cu > Hg > Cr > Ni > Zn > As and it had some potential ecological risks in the cultivated land, according to the Nemero comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index. Cd and Hg in the soil were the main sources of pollution. The sources of As, Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu were mainly affected by anthropogenic pollution factors, whereas Cr and Ni were mainly affected by soil parent material and geological activities.

Key words: farmland, heavy metals, pollution assessment, ecological risk, mining area

中图分类号:

X53
X826

孙德尧, 薛忠财, 韩兴, 赵颖璠, 孙维悦, 张科. 冀北山区某矿区周边耕地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(2): 242-249.

SUN De-yao, XUE Zhong-cai, HAN Xing, ZHAO Ying-fan, SUN WEI-yue, ZHANG Ke. Polluting Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Cultivated Land Around a Mining Area in Northern Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(2): 242-249.

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