滴水湖及其引水河道沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0738

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在分析滴水湖及其引水河道水系沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cd和Cr含量及其垂直分布特征的基础上，采用地累积指数和潜在生态风险法进行重金属风险评价，并结合鱼体内重金属残留情况分析生物累积特征和食用风险，最后采用多元回归和主成分分析方法对沉积物中重金属来源进行解析。结果表明，以上海潮滩重金属元素背景值作为参照，滴水湖湖区及引水河道表层沉积物中Cu和Cd含量分别为背景值的1.3和13.0倍，但与国内外其他湖泊相比，滴水湖水系沉积物中重金属污染水平较低。沉积物中重金属含量垂直分布规律整体表现为随沉积物深度增加，重金属浓度有所下降，Cd表现出明显累积特征。风险评价结果表明Cd是滴水湖水系沉积物重金属污染的主要贡献元素。尽管生物体内重金属并未表现出食用风险，但Cu和Cd已呈生物富集特征。沉积物中Cu、Pb和Cr来源相似，均主要来源于交通活动；Cd主要来源于农业活动等人为因素。

关键词: 沉积物, 重金属, 垂直分布特征, 滴水湖

Abstract: Based on the investigating for the concentrations and vertical profiles of four heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd) in the sediments collected from the Dishui Lake and its diversion channels, ecological risk assessments were performed using the methods of land accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. Furthermore, the bioaccumulation characteristics and dietary risk resulted by consumption of the freshwater fish in the lake were analyzed. Finally, the sources of heavy metals in sediments were identified using multiple regression and principal component analysis. The results show that the concentrations of Cu and Cd in the surface sediments of the Dishui Lake area and the diversion channel were 1.3 time and 13.0 times higher than the background value of heavy metal Cu and Cd in Shanghai tidal flat, respectively. Among the concentrations of heavy metals in the lake sediments worldwide, the concentrations of Dishui Lake were at a low level. The results also show that the concentrations of heavy metals declined with increasing of depth vertically. Cd was found the main contributor to the heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Dishui Lake. Although heavy metals in organisms did not pose significant food risks, attention should be paid to Cu and Cd due to their high bioaccumulation potentials. Finally, based on the source identification, Cu, Pb and Cr were mainly from similar origins of traffic activities, while Cd was primarily from agricultural activities.

Key words: sediment, heavy metal, vertical distribution characteristics, the Dishui Lake

中图分类号:

肖茗明, 饶若宸, 陈以芹, 宣李, 张晨, 李娟英, 尹杰. 滴水湖及其引水河道沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(5): 672-678.

XIAO Ming-ming, RAO Ruo-chen, CHEN Yi-qin, XUAN Li, ZHANG Chen, LI Juan-ying, YIN Jie. Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Dishui Lake and Its Diversion Channels[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(5): 672-678.

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