内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区繁殖期鸟类种群动态

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0965

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 341-347.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0965

内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区繁殖期鸟类种群动态

刘刚¹, 龚明昊¹, 刘威², 李皓¹, 张建峰³, 岳伟³, 魏秀红³, 钱英³, 谢永刚³, 张菊³, 焦德玉⁴, 伊剑锋², 周景英³

1. 中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所, 北京 100091;
2. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042;
3. 内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区, 内蒙古扎赉特旗 137600;
4. 内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗图牧吉镇政府, 内蒙古扎赉特旗 137600

收稿日期:2019-12-03 发布日期:2021-03-18
通讯作者: 伊剑锋, 周景英 E-mail:yijianfeng11@163.com;zjytmj@163.com
作者简介:刘刚(1982-),男,河南台前人,副研究员,博士,主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail:gangl@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金（CAFYBB2018QB010）；生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目

Bird Population Dynamics during the Breeding Season in Inner Mongolia Tumuji National Nature Reserve

LIU Gang¹, GONG Ming-hao¹, LIU Wei², LI Hao¹, ZHANG Jian-feng³, YUE Wei³, WEI Xiu-hong³, QIAN Ying³, XIE Yong-gang³, ZHANG Ju³, JIAO De-yu⁴, YI Jian-feng², ZHOU Jing-ying³

1. Institute of Wetlands, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
2. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China;
3. Tumuji National Nature Reserve, Zhalaite 137600, China;
4. Tumuji Township Government of Zalaite Banner, Zhalaite 137600, China

Received:2019-12-03 Published:2021-03-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2015-2019年5月和6月采用样线法结合样点法对内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区繁殖期鸟类进行实地调查观测，并分析鸟类群落多样性和均匀性年际和月份变化，以确定鸟类种群动态变化规律。结果表明，保护区繁殖期鸟类共观测到99种，隶属15目33科，以雁形目（Anseriformes）和鸻形目（Charadriiformes）鸟类为数量优势种，大鸨种群动态呈显著时空变化。保护区鸟类物种种数和种群数量呈显著空间差异，鸟类群落多样性呈显著年际差异和空间差异，湿地鸟类多样性高于草地，以农田为主的栖息地最低；保护区鸟类群落多样性平均值为2.39±0.39。鸟类均匀度指数平均值为0.33±0.05，且存在显著空间差异。关注繁殖期鸟类可确定重点保护时段和保护区域，提高自然保护区保护力度，确保繁殖期鸟类免受人为干扰。同时，应加强保护区生物多样性保护与监测，为自然保护区管理成效评估和保护政策优化提供科学支撑。

关键词: 大鸨, 鸟类调查, 种群数量动态, 鸟类物种多样性, 群落均匀度, 保护对策

Abstract: Birds are important indicative organisms of habitat changes. Through continuous monitoring and analysis of birds in a given area, we can objectively understand the trend of bird species diversity. Inner Mongolia Tumuji National Nature Reserve is well known for conserving the iconic endangered species, such as great bustard (Otis tarda dybowskii)and red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), as well as the important bird breeding area, stopover site and wintering ground in China. Due to long-term farmland reclamation and overgrazing, the grassland and wetland in this reserve had been degraded, and bird habitats had been suffered from fragmentation, which had influences on the bird population dynamics. However, the inter-annual and monthly variability of bird population dynamics is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of bird diversity in Tumuji Nature Reserve, and determine the dynamics of bird populations. By combining line transect and point count surveys, the birds were field monitored and surveyed during the breeding season for five consecutive years on May and June from 2015. Based on the monitoring data, the population dynamics, bird diversity and bird evenness index were analyzed in Tumuji nature reserve for the past 5 years (2015-2019). A total of 99 species of birds were detected belonging to 15 orders and 33 families, of which Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are the dominant species, and the population size of great bustard showed a spatial and temporal change. There were significant spatial differences in the number of bird species and population size. The average bird community diversity was 2.39±0.39 across all surveying sites, with wetland being higher than that in grassland, and farmland-dominated habitat diversity the lowest. The average evenness index was 0.33±0.05, and birds distribution varied among geographical sites. Conservation practice should be directed to the breeding season, and surveying intensity should focus on determining the key protection area, and ensure that the bird breeding is free from human interference. Meanwhile, it will facilitate the protection and monitoring of biodiversity, and provide scientific support for evaluating the effectiveness of protected area management and optimizing protection policies.

Key words: great bustard(Otis tarda dybowskii), bird surveying, population dynamics, species diversity, community evenness, conservation implication

中图分类号:

X176
Q958.15

刘刚, 龚明昊, 刘威, 李皓, 张建峰, 岳伟, 魏秀红, 钱英, 谢永刚, 张菊, 焦德玉, 伊剑锋, 周景英. 内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区繁殖期鸟类种群动态[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(3): 341-347.

LIU Gang, GONG Ming-hao, LIU Wei, LI Hao, ZHANG Jian-feng, YUE Wei, WEI Xiu-hong, QIAN Ying, XIE Yong-gang, ZHANG Ju, JIAO De-yu, YI Jian-feng, ZHOU Jing-ying. Bird Population Dynamics during the Breeding Season in Inner Mongolia Tumuji National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(3): 341-347.

参考文献

[1] 王灿宇.基于3S技术的图牧吉自然保护区生态规划研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.[WANG Can-yu.Ecological Planning Research of Tumuji Nature Reserve Based on 3S of Technology[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010.]
[2] 孙冉.图牧吉自然保护区景观格局及生态脆弱性评价研究[D].长春:中国科学院,2013.[SUN Ran.Study on Landscape Pattern and Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of Tumuji Natural Reserve[D].Changchun:Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.]
[3] LIU G,HU X L,SHAFER A B A,et al.Genetic Structure and Population History of Wintering Asian Great Bustard (Otis tarda dybowskii) in China:Implications for Conservation[J].Journal of Ornithology,2017,158(3):761-772.
[4] LIU G,SHAFER A B A,HU X L,et al.Meta-barcoding Insights into the Spatial and Temporal Dietary Patterns of the Threatened Asian Great Bustard (Otis tarda dybowskii) with Potential Implications for Diverging Migratory Strategies[J].Ecology and Evolution,2018,8(3):1736-1745.
[5] SULLIVAN M J P,NEWSON S E,PEARCE-HIGGINS J W.Using Habitat-specific Population Trends to Evaluate the Consistency of the Effect of Species Traits on Bird Population Change[J].Biological Conservation,2015,192:343-352.
[6] 张国钢,李淑红,周景英,等.内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区水鸟的资源状况[J].四川动物,2016,35(4):617-621.[ZHANG Guo-gang,LI Shu-hong,ZHOU Jing-ying,et al.The Surveys on Waterbird Population in Tumuji National Nature Reserve,Inner Mogonlia,China[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2016,35(4):617-621.]
[7] 蒋劲松.中国大鸨资源现状及其保护的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2004.[JIANG Jin-song.The Status of Resource and Conservation of Great Bustard in China[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2004.]
[8] 田振环,贾艳玲,陶忠明,等.图牧吉国家级自然保护区鸟类资源[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2010,33(2):103-105,112.[TIAN Zhen-huan,JIA Yan-ling,TAO Zhong-ming,et al.The Study of Bird Resources in Tumuji National Nature Reserve[J].Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,2010,33(2):103-105,112.]
[9] 侯元生,何玉邦,星智,等.青海湖国家级自然保护区水鸟的多样性及分布[J].动物分类学报,2009,34(1):184-187.[HOU Yuan-sheng,HE Yu-bang,XING Zhi,et al.Distribution and Diversity of Waterfowl Population in Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2009,34(1):184-187.]
[10] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2005:1-492.[ZHENG Guang-mei.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2005:1-492.]
[11] SPELLERBERG I F,FEDOR P J.A Tribute to Claude Shannon (1916-2001) and a Plea for More Rigorous Use of Species Richness,Species Diversity and the ‘Shannon-Wiener’ Index[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2003,12(3):177-179.
[12] SMITH B,WILSON J B.A Consumer's Guide to Evenness Indices[J].Oikos,1996,76(1):70.
[13] BROOKS T M,COLLAR N J,GREEN R E,et al.The Science of Bird Conservation[J].Bird Conservation International,2008,18(S1):S2-S12.
[14] 刘多.干扰对草原鸟类群落结构形成的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学,2003.[LIU Duo.Influences on Grassland Bird Communities Caused by Disturbance[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2003.]
[15] LIU Y,WEBBER S,BOWGEN K,et al.Environmental Factors Influence Both Abundance and Genetic Diversity in a Widespread Bird Species[J].Ecology and Evolution,2013,3(14):4683-4695.
[16] 苏德苏日古格.草原类型自然保护区社会经济活动环境影响评价研究:以图牧吉自然保护区为例[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2011.[SU Desuriguge.The Environmental Impact Assessment of the Social Economic Activities in Grassland Nature Reserve:Take the Tumuji Natural Reserve as An Example[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2011.]
[17] 王明元,乌云毕力格,赵格日乐图.内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区鹤类时空分布特征[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2019,42(4):34-37.[WANG Ming-yuan,WU Yunbilige,ZHAO Geriletu.Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Cranes in Tumuji National Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia[J].Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,2019,42(4):34-37.]
[18] LIU Y M,LI L J,LIANG L Q,et al.Study on the Non-point Source Pollution in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Taoer River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,2011,9(1):48-54.
[19] KESSLER A E,BATBAYAR N,NATSAGDORJ T,et al.Satellite Telemetry Reveals Long-distance Migration in the Asian Great Bustard Otis tarda dybowskii[J].Journal of Avian Biology,2013,44(4):311-320.
[20] SARACCO J F,RUBENSTEIN M.Integrating Broad-scale Data to Assess Demographic and Climatic Contributions to Population Change in a Declining Songbird[J].Ecology and Evolution,2020,10(4):1804-1816.
[21] 伊国良,程万军,周景英,等.内蒙古图牧吉自然保护区大鸨资源现状及保护[J].野生动物,2009,30(2):105-107.[YI Guo-liang,CHENG Wan-jun,ZHOU Jing-ying,et al.Status of Resources of Great Bustards in Tumuji National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia and Their Conservation[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2009,30(2):105-107.]
[22] 赵匠,易国栋,郝锡联,等.环境因子对大鸨种群数量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(12):39,45.[ZHAO Jiang,YI Guo-dong,HAO Xi-lian,et al.Effects of Environmental Factors on Population Size of Great Bustard[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2008,36(12):39,45.]
[23] 刘金,阙品甲,张正旺.中国水鸟的物种多样性及其国家重点保护等级调整的建议[J].湿地科学,2019,17(2):123-136.[LIU Jin,QUE Pin-jia,ZHANG Zheng-wang.Species Diversity and Suggestions for Adjustment of the National Protection Level of Waterbirds in China[J].Wetland Science,2019,17(2):123-136.]
[24] 马克平.中国生物多样性监测网络建设:从CForBio到Sino BON[J].生物多样性,2015,23(1):1-2.[MA Ke-ping.Biodiversity Monitoring in China:From CForBio to Sino BON[J].Biodiversity Science,2015,23(1):1-2.]
[25] 徐海根,崔鹏,朱筱佳,等.全国鸟类多样性观测网络(China BON-Birds)建设进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(1):1-11.[XU Hai-gen,CUI Peng,ZHU Xiao-jia,et al. Progress in Construction of China Bird Diversity Observation Network (China BON-Birds)[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(1):1-11.]
[26] 杜杨,万冬梅,赵匠,等.大鸨繁殖地鸟类群落结构的研究[C]//首届中国大鸨保护国际研讨会论文集.北京:中国大鸨保护国际研讨会,2010:1-3.[DU Yang,WAN Dong-mei,ZHAO Jiang,et al.Study on the Community Structure of Birds in Breeding Ground of Great Bustard[C].Beijing:International Symposium on the Protection of the Great Bustard in China,2010:1-3.]
[27] KESSLER A E.Asian Great Bustards:From Conservation Biology to Sustainable Grassland Development[D].Tempe:Arizona State University,2015.

内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区繁殖期鸟类种群动态

Bird Population Dynamics during the Breeding Season in Inner Mongolia Tumuji National Nature Reserve

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	台德运, 刘研, 陈婉, 李宏. 江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源现状及保护对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(8): 982-987.
[2]	何斌, 李青, 陈群利, 薛晓辉, 李望军. 黔西北岩溶区华山松(Pinus armandii)种群结构及动态特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(6): 788-795.
[3]	王桂明. 生态系统生物多样性研究及其保护对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 1994, 10(2): 52-54.
[4]	彭鸣. 云南省乡镇企业污染特点及环境保护对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 1991, 7(2): 40-42.
[5]	井元山, 胡涛. 辽宁省自然环境的现状及保护对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 1990, 6(2): 31-35.
[6]	梁太芹. 试论黄山生态环境及其保护对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 1987, 3(3): 44-47,64.