江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区子湖泊越冬水鸟多样性及变化趋势

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1058

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2011-2019年越冬期采用分区直数法对江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区9个子湖泊水鸟进行调查，共记录水鸟6目13科74种，越冬期平均数量为（14.85±6.70）万只。区内有白鹤（Grus leucogeranus）、白头鹤（Grus monacha）、黑鹳（Ciconia nigra）和中华秋沙鸭（Mergus squamatus）4种国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类，6种国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类。2016-2017年越冬期水鸟物种数（56种）和数量（25.33万只）最多；2012-2013年越冬期物种数（27种）和数量（2.38万只）最少。大汊湖年平均水鸟物种数最多，为24.25种，沙湖次之，为23.75种，梅西湖最少，为9.13种。大湖池年平均水鸟数量最多，为46 875.38只，大汊湖次之，为45 749.63只，梅西湖最少，为2 131.13只。多年平均鸟类多样性指数和均匀性指数均以沙湖为最高，分别为2.18±0.30和0.72±0.08，中湖池最低，分别为1.10±0.68和0.45±0.21。根据研究结果对鄱阳湖保护区提出鸟类多样性保护和管理建议。

关键词: 鄱阳湖, 子湖泊, 水鸟, 多样性

Abstract: The diversity of wintering waterbirds in the nine sub lakes of Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve was investigated during the wintering periods from 2011 to 2019 by using direct counting method. A total of 74 species of waterbirds belonging to 13 families 6 orders were recorded and the average quantity was (148.5±67.0) thousand individuals in wintering period. There were 4 species (Grus leucogeranus, Grus monacha, Ciconia nigra, Mergus squamatus), that indexed as the first-class of national protected bird and 6 species indexed as second-class of national protected bird in the study area. During the eight wintering periods, the wintering period of 2016-2017 was the highest with 56 waterbirds species and 253.3 thousand individuals. While the wintering period of 2012-2013 was the lowest with 27 species and 23.8 thousand individuals. Among the nine sub lakes, the number of species at Dachahu Lake (24.25 species) was the highest, followed by Shahu Lake (23.75 species), and Meixihu Lake (9.13 species) was the lowest. The number of individuals at Dahuchi Lake (46 875.38 individuals) was the highest, followed by Dachahu Lake (45 749.63 individuals), and the lowest was Meixihu Lake (2 131.13 individuals). Both of the Shannon-Wiener diversity (H') and the Pielou evenness index (J') of waterbirds at Shahu Lake (H'=2.18±0.30, J'=0.72±0.08) were the highest, and both of them at Zhonghuchi Lake (H'=1.10±0.68, J'=0.45±0.21) were the lowest. Based on the results and current situation, relevant proposals for conservation and management of bird diversity in Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve were offered.

Key words: Poyang Lake, sub lake, waterbird, diversity

中图分类号:

X176
Q958.1

余定坤, 徐志文, 刘威, 祁红艳, 詹慧英, 罗浩, 刘观华, 伊剑锋. 江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区子湖泊越冬水鸟多样性及变化趋势[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(11): 1403-1409.

YU Ding-kun, XU Zhi-wen, LIU Wei, QI Hong-yan, ZHAN Hui-ying, LUO Hao, LIU Guan-hua, YI Jian-feng. A Preliminary Study on Wintering Waterbirds Diversity and Trend of Sub Lakes in Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1403-1409.

参考文献 31

[1]	夏少霞,刘观华,于秀波,等.鄱阳湖越冬水鸟栖息地评价[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):719-726.[XIA Shao-xia,LIU Guan-hua,YU Xiu-bo,et al.Importance Assessment of Wintering Habitats for Migratory Waterfowl in Lake Poyang[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(4):719-726.]
[2]	张淑霞,董云仙,夏峰.湖泊生态系统的水鸟监测意义[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(2):155-162.[ZHANG Shu-xia,DONG Yun-xian,XIA Feng.Significance of Waterbird Monitoring in Lake Ecosystems[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(2):155-162.]
[3]	刘金,阙品甲,张正旺.中国水鸟的物种多样性及其国家重点保护等级调整的建议[J].湿地科学,2019,17(2):123-136.[LIU Jin,QUE Pin-jia,ZHANG Zheng-wang.Species Diversity and Suggestions for Adjustment of the National Protection Level of Waterbirds in China[J].Wetland Science,2019,17(2):123-136.]
[4]	张本.鄱阳湖自然资源及其特征[J].自然资源学报,1989,4(4):308-318.[ZHANG Ben.The Natural Resources and the Specific Features of Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1989,4(4):308-318.]
[5]	李凤山,刘观华,吴建东.鄱阳湖湿地和水鸟的生态研究[M].北京:科学普及出版社,2011:1.[LI Feng-shan,LIU Guan-hua,WU Jian-dong.Ecological Study of Wetlands and Waterbirds at Poyang Lake[M].Beijing:Popular Science Press,2011:1.]
[6]	纪伟涛,吴建东,易武生,等.鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区涉禽调查报告[J].江西林业科技,2001,29(2):29-31,34.[JI Wei-tao,WU Jian-dong,YI Wu-sheng,et al.Surrey Report of Wading Birds in National Boyang Lake Natural Reserve[J].Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology,2001,29(2):29-31,34.]
[7]	朱奇,刘观华,曾南京,等.鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区2007-2009年越冬期水鸟数量与分布[J].湿地科学与管理,2012,8(3):52-56.[ZHU Qi,LIU Guan-hua,ZENG Nan-jing,et al.Number and Distribution of Waterbirds Wintered in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve During 2007 to 2009[J].Wetland Science & Management,2012,8(3):52-56.]
[8]	朱奇,詹耀煌,刘观华,等.2011年冬鄱阳湖水鸟数量与分布调查[J].江西林业科技,2012(3):1-9.[ZHU Qi,ZHAN Yao-huang,LIU Guan-hua,et al.Investigation of Number and Distribution of the Waterfowl of Poyang Lake in the Winter of 2011[J].Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology,2012(3):1-9.]
[9]	吴英豪,纪伟涛.江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.[WU Ying-hao,JI Wei-tao.Study on Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2002.]
[10]	约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲力普斯.中国鸟类野外手册[M].卢何芬,译.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000:1-571.[MACKINNON J,PHILLIPPS K.A Field Guide to the Birds of China[M].Changsha:Hunan Education Publishing House,2000:1-571.]
[11]	刘观华,曾南京.鄱阳湖鸟类[M].武汉:长江少年儿童出版社,2016:1-382.[LIU Guan-hua, ZENG Nan-jing.Birds of Poyang Lake[M].Wuhan:Changjiang Children's Publishing Group,2016:1-382.]
[12]	郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2011:1-456.[ZHENG Guang-mei.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2011:1-456.]
[13]	黄小春,汪志如.江西鸟类图鉴[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2015:1-523.[HUANG Xiao-chun,WANG Zhi-ru.A Field Guide to the Birds of Jiangxi[M].Nanchang:Jiangxi Science & Technology Press,2015:1-523.]
[14]	马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法:Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[15]	邵明勤,石文娟,蒋剑虹,等.江西南昌市迁徙期和越冬期湖泊鸟类多样性[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(3):326-333.[SHAO Ming-qin,SHI Wen-juan,JIANG Jian-hong,et al.Diversity of Birds in Five Lakes of Nanchang During Migration and Wintering Periods[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(3):326-333.]
[16]	ZENG N J,LIU G H,WEN S B,et al.New Bird Records and Bird Diversity of Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province,China[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2018,50(4):1285-1291.DOI:10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.4.1285.1291.
[17]	曾南京,俞长好,刘观华,等.2017年初江西省鸟类种类统计[J].南方林业科学,2017,45(3):62-66,72.[ZENG Nan-jing,YU Chang-hao,LIU Guan-hua,et al.Latest Number of Bird Species in Jiangxi Province by Early 2017[J].Nanfang Forestry Science,2017,45(3):62-66,72.]
[18]	胡斌华.鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区越冬候鸟调查与分析[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2013.
[19]	吴庆明,孙雪莹,黄显,等.江西都昌保护区越冬水鸟群落多样性及种多度[J].生命科学研究,2017,21(5):417-423.[WU Qing-ming,SUN Xue-ying,HUANG Xian,et al.Species Diversity and Abundance of Wintering Waterbird Community in Duchang Nature Reserve in Jiangxi[J].Life Science Research,2017,21(5):417-423.]
[20]	张娜,李言阔,单继红,等.鄱阳湖枯水期延长背景下越冬水鸟群落结构、丰富度及其空间分布格局[J].湖泊科学,2019,31(1):183-194.[ZHANG Na,LI Yan-kuo,SHAN Ji-hong,et al.Community Structure,Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Water Birds Wintering in Poyang Lake Wetland[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2019,31(1):183-194.]
[21]	徐昌新,阮禄章,胡振鹏,等.鄱阳湖越冬鸟类种群动态与保护研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(3):407-414.[XU Chang-xin,RUAN Lu-zhang,HU Zhen-peng,et al.The Research on Winter Bird Population Dynamic and Conservation in Poyang Lake[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(3):407-414.]
[22]	涂晓斌,马建华.鄱阳湖越冬水禽资源现状及保护对策[J].野生动物,2000(4):6-7.
[23]	WANG Y Y,JIA Y F,GUAN L,et al.Optimising Hydrological Conditions to Sustain Wintering Waterbird Populations in Poyang Lake National Natural Reserve:Implications for Dam Operations[J].Freshwater Biology,2013,58(11):2366-2379.
[24]	刘观华,金杰锋.江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区自然资源2012-2013年监测报告[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2013:69-86.[LIU Guan-hua,JIN Jie-feng.Monitoring Report on Natural Resources of Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve 2012-2013[M].Shanghai:Fudan University Press,2013:69-86.]
[25]	王亚芳.鄱阳湖越冬水鸟群落对冬汛的响应及其对生态系统的指示[D].南昌:南昌大学,2018.
[26]	刘观华,詹慧英,祁红艳.江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区自然资源2017-2018年监测报告[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2019:113-117.[LIU Guan-hua,ZHAN Hui-ying,QI Hong-yan.Monitoring Report on Natural Resources of Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve 2017-2018[M].Nanchang:Jiangxi Science & Technology Press,2019:113-117]
[27]	夏少霞.鄱阳湖水文节律对越冬水鸟丰度和栖息地结构的影响[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[28]	胡振鹏,葛刚,刘成林.越冬候鸟对鄱阳湖水文过程的响应[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(10):1770-1779.[HU Zhen-peng,GE Gang,LIU Cheng-lin.Response of Wintering Migratory Birds to Hydrological Processes in Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(10):1770-1779.]
[29]	MA Z J,CAI Y T,LI B,et al.Managing Wetland Habitats for Waterbirds:An International Perspective[J].Wetlands,2010,30(1):15-27.
[30]	邓群群,欧阳兴,胡梦慧.江西明确重点水域退捕禁捕时间表鄱阳湖全面禁捕期暂定10年[N].信息日报,2019-08-30(11).
[31]	齐述华,刘影,于秀波,等."堑秋湖"对鄱阳湖越冬候鸟栖息地功能影响的辨析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(增刊1):18-21.