西藏拉萨周边繁殖鸟类多样性与分布研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0177

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握拉萨周边繁殖鸟类物种资源及分布情况，于2016-2019年5和6月，采用样线法对拉萨周边8个区域鸟类进行调查，共记录繁殖鸟类15目35科103种，占西藏鸟类总种数的20.94%，其中雀形目鸟类18科60种，占比为58.25%。在不同生境中，灌丛草原生境鸟类种数最多，共74种，而临河生境鸟类个体数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数最高。在不同区域中，大佛岛繁殖鸟类种类最多，拉萨河曲水段鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数最高。研究区繁殖前期鸟类物种数、个体数量和多样性指数均略高于繁殖后期。Jaccard指数结果表明，栖息地环境相似的区域，繁殖鸟类相似性指数也较高。拉萨周边繁殖鸟类种类在2016-2018年逐渐升高，2019年则明显下降，同时2019年鸟类种数最少。开展拉萨繁殖鸟类种群调查对西藏繁殖鸟类多样性保护具有重要意义。

关键词: 拉萨周边, 繁殖鸟类, 多样性, 分布

Abstract: Diversity and distribution of breeding birds of 8 regions in the surrounding areas of Lhasa was surveyed in May and June of each year from 2016 to 2019 using the line transect method. A total of 103 species that belonged to 35 families and 15 orders were recorded, which accounted for 20.94% of the total birds species in Tibet, China. Among them, 60 species from 18 families of Passerines were accounted for 58.25% of the total surveyed birds species. In different habitats, shrub grassland had the most bird species with 74 birds species, the habitat near the river was the highest in terms of bird number, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index. In different regions, Dafo Island had the most breeding bird species, Qushui County in Lhasa River were the highest in terms of bird diversity index, evenness index and dominance index. In different breeding periods, the number of species, individual numbers and diversity index in the early period of breeding were slightly higher than those in the late period of breeding. Jaccard index show that the similarity index of breeding birds was higher where the habitat environmental conditions were similar. The breeding bird species gradually increased from 2016 to 2018, and decreased significantly in 2019, and the number of surveyed bird species in 2019 was the lowest within the four years. It is of great significance to carry out the population survey of breeding birds in Lhasa for protecting the diversity of breeding birds in Tibet.

Key words: surrounding areas of Lhasa, breeding bird, diversity, distribution

中图分类号:

X176
Q958.1

刘艳超, 刘善思, 杨乐. 西藏拉萨周边繁殖鸟类多样性与分布研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(11): 1381-1387.

LIU Yan-chao, LIU Shan-si, YANG Le. Diversity and Distribution of Breeding Birds in the Surrounding Areas of Lhasa, Tibet, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1381-1387.

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