锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性调查及分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0185

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2016-2018年在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区内选择湿地、山地草原、稀树草地、草甸和典型草原5种生境对蝴蝶群落多样性进行了调查，对保护区不同生境条件下蝴蝶群落结构开展分析，可为昆虫多样性保护提供理论和数据支撑。调查共采集、记录蝴蝶1 174只，隶属于3科18属24种；其中蛱蝶科（Nymphalidae）的属数（10）、物种数（14）及个体数（650）均为最多；灰蝶科（Lycaenidae）的属数（4）、物种数（4）及个体数（68）均为最少。对保护区蝴蝶群落多样性特征的分析结果显示，蛱蝶科的丰富度指数（2.007 1）和多样性指数（1.654 7）均为最高；粉蝶科（Pieridae）均匀度指数（0.635 9）最高；灰蝶科优势度指数（0.618 1）最高。不同生境的蝴蝶群落组成和多样性差异明显：稀树草地生境蝴蝶的属数（15）、物种数（19）和个体数（487）均为最高，其多样性指数（1.962 8）和丰富度指数（2.908 7）在5种生境中最高；湿地生境的优势度指数（0.430 6）最高；草甸生境的均匀度指数（0.806 1）最高。山地草原与典型草原蝴蝶Jaccard相似性系数（0.600 0）最高，其余生境间相似性系数主要集中在0.25~0.50之间，为中等不相似。保护区蝴蝶群落多样性具有明显的季节性特征，7月的多样性指数（2.335 6）和丰富度指数（2.656 8）最高，5月的多样性指数（1.519 2）和丰富度指数（1.456 0）最低。

关键词: 草原, 生境类型, 蝴蝶, 群落, 多样性, 锡林郭勒草原

Abstract: To provide basic information for protection of insect diversity of Xilingol Prairie National Nature Reserve, the butterfly communities were investigated from 2016 to 2018 for five different habitats-wetlands, mountain grassland, grassland with sparse woods, meadow steppe and typical steppe. Totally 1 174 butterflies were collected, which belong to 24 species, 18 genera and 3 families. Among them, Nymphalidae was collleced the most (650) and belonged to 14 species, 10 genera, and Lycaenidae was collected the least (68) and, belonged to 4 species, 4 genera. The analysis of the diversity characteristics of butterfly communities show that Nymphalidae was the highest in Margalef index (2.007 1) and Shannon-Wiener index (1.654 7), while Pieridae was the highest in Pielou index (0.635 9) and Lycaenidae was the highest in Simpson index (0.618 1). The investigation also found that the composition and diversity of butterfly in different habitats were significantly different. The most abundant butterflies (487) were belonged to 19 species and 15 genera from the grassland with sparse woods, which were the highest in Shannon-Wiener index (1.962 8) and Margalef index (2.908 7) among five different habitats. Comparably, the Simpson index (0.430 6) in wetlands was the highest and the Pielou index (0.806 1) was the highest in meadow grassland. In addition, the Jaccard index between different habitats was ranged from 0.25 to 0.5, suggesting a moderate dissimilarity. The Jaccard index (0.600 0) between mountain grassland and typical steppe was the highest. Meanwhile, the analysis revealed an obviously temporal feature of butterfly diversity in the Nature Reserve. The Shannon-Wiener index (2.335 6) and Margalef index (2.656 8) were the highest in July while the lowest were found in May (1.519 2 and 1.456 0, respectively).

Key words: grassland, habitat types, butterfly, community, diversity, Xilingol Prairie

中图分类号:

Q958

苏日娜, 王旭娜, 钱宏革, 白晓拴. 锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性调查及分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(10): 1301-1308.

SU Ri-na, WANG Xu-na, QIAN Hong-ge, BAI Xiao-shuan. Analysis on the Diversity of Butterfly Communities in Xilingol Prairie National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1301-1308.

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