吉林省典型生态区玉米种植土壤细菌多样性研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0220

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对吉林省3个典型生态区（东部湿润山区、中部半湿润平原区和西部半干旱平原区）的72个玉米种植土壤样品，耦合分析其细菌多样性、酶活性及土壤理化性质，探讨吉林省域尺度下典型土壤细菌群落多样性的环境驱动机制。结果表明，吉林省3个典型生态区玉米种植土壤有机质含量表现为东部 > 中部 > 西部；细菌数量表现为中部多、东西部低；而多样性指数表现为自西向东逐渐降低的趋势；中性和酸性磷酸酶活性也表现出类似规律，而蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性则呈相反趋势。3个生态区的优势细菌门均为变形菌和放线菌，芽单胞菌和苍白杆菌则是优势菌属；放线菌门呈现自东向西逐渐增加的趋势，而变形菌门含量与之相反；芽单胞菌属呈现中部半湿润平原区 > 东部半湿润山区 > 西部半干旱平原区的趋势，苍白杆菌属呈现自东向西逐渐降低的趋势。典范分析结果表明，在气候影响因素中降雨量和纬度对细菌微生物群落组成影响较大；pH值、碱解氮和有机质含量是土壤细菌优势类群变化的主要驱动因子。该结果对提高和改善吉林省玉米种植土壤的管理策略具有重要意义。

关键词: 生态区, 环境因子, 细菌, 多样性

Abstract: In this study, the bacterial diversity, enzyme activity and soil physicochemical properties of 72 soil samples collected from maize fields of three typical ecological regions (Eastern humid mountain area, central semi humid plain area and western semi-arid plain area) from east to west of Jilin Province were analyzed, and the environmental driving mechanism of bacterial community diversity in typical soils in Jilin Province was discussed. The results show that the organic matter content of Maize Soil in the three typical ecological regions of Jilin Province was in the order of East > Central > West; the number of bacteria in Central area was the highest, and in the East and West was lower. The diversity index showed a gradually decreasing trend from west to east. The activities of neutral and acid phosphatase also showed similar rules, while the activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphate showed opposite trends. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria phylum in the three ecological regions; and Gemmatimonas and Ochrobactrum were the dominant genera; the abundance of Actinobacteria increased gradually from east to west, while the content of Proteobacteria was opposite. Gemmatimonas showed a trend of Central semi humid plain area > Eastern semi humid Mountain Area > Western semi-arid plain area, and Ochrobactrum showed decreasing trend from east to west. The results of canonical analysis show that, among the climatic factors, rainfall and latitude had a greater impact on the composition of bacterial microbial community. pH value, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter were the main driving factors for the change of soil bacterial dominant groups, which was of great significance to the improvement of the management strategy of maize planting soil in Jilin Province.

Key words: ecological regions, environmental factors, bacteria, diversity

中图分类号:

王媛媛, 王继岩, 焉莉, 高强. 吉林省典型生态区玉米种植土壤细菌多样性研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(10): 1318-1324.

WANG Yuan-yuan, WANG Ji-yan, YAN Li, GAO Qiang. Bacterial Diversity of Maize Planting Soil in Typical Ecological Regions of Jilin Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1318-1324.

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